[Air-L] Fake News
Ian Towers
ian.towers at srh-hochschule-berlin.de
Fri Dec 9 10:19:42 PST 2016
I'd agree with that. Disinformation is the deliberate spreading of lies, while misinformation is unintentionally false.
Cheers
Ian
----------–----------------------
Prof. Dr. Ian Towers
Professor of Organisation Studies
SRH Hochschule Berlin
> Am 09.12.2016 um 19:09 schrieb Raphael Tsavkko <tsavkko at yahoo.com.br>:
>
> I"d say that misinformation is not exactly the same thing as fake new. Saying
> that Aliens invaded the US last week is not just misinformation, is completely
> fake, therefore, fake news. One thing is having a side, is reading the news
> or reality in a different way, other thing is bias, and a very different
> issue is fake news, that is the pure fabrication of facts.
>
>
>
> "News is socially constructed" may apply in some cases (I'm not a huge fan of
> this[post]modernist approach of "everything is socially constructed", despite
> the fact that I do adopt constructivists approaches in my research, let's try
> to debate it), but in many cases there's pure and simple fabrication of facts.
> If I publish that Obama was not born in the US there's no room for saying that
> this might be fake to some and true to others, it's simply fake. The fact that
> some news outlets spread such "news" and that some people may believe it
> doesn't make it less... fake.
>
>
>
> best,
>
>
> Raphael Tsavkko Garcia
>
> University of Deusto
>
> 
>
>
>> On Dez 9 2016, at 6:53 pm, Julia DeCook <julia.decook at gmail.com> wrote:
>>
>> Misinformation I think is the proper term. Misinformation online has been
> studied by researchers before in terms of the rejection of science and
> conspiracy theories. Lewandowsky et al. and Bessi et al. have interesting
> articles about it.
>
>>
>
>> WHO came out with a report in 2013 about the problem in terms of medical
> misinformation. These might be fruitful in terms of understanding fake news
> spread.
>
>>
>
>>> On Dec 9, 2016 12:38 PM, "MC Cambre" <mcambre at ualberta.ca> wrote:
>>
>>
>
>>> Instead of fake news, how about disinformation? The partial and/or
>> misleading of unverified events posing as information but tending more
>> towards gossip, scandal and slander, with the intent to polarize debate and
>> damage reputations. Often put forth from behind masked partisan lenses.
>>
>> On Fri, Dec 9, 2016 at 12:23 PM, Todd O'Neill <Todd.O'Neill at mtsu.edu>
>> wrote:
>>
>>> FWIW, I think the term "fake news" gives this term a kind of legitimacy.
>>> News is news. When we differentiate between real and fake news we're on
>>> slippery slope.
>>> We have adopted a term put forth by popular media not necessarily
>>> journalists.
>>> I don't know what the term should be. Commentary seems to be part of the
>>> label I think.
>>> Any thoughts?
>>>
>>>
>>> Sent from my iPhone
>>>
>>>> On Dec 9, 2016, at 11:16 AM, MC Cambre <mcambre at ualberta.ca> wrote:
>>>>
>>>> Worthy point and well noted.
>>>> Pedagogically, I stress the difference between image and substance,
>> and I
>>>> teach about the word propaganda and how it rose and fell in
>> popularity. I
>>>> don't know if anyone uses this piece from 1952, I found it a gem for
>>>> helping students view critically.
>>>> "Propaganda Techniques In Institutional Advertising" BY LEONARD 1.
>>> PEARLIN
>>>> AND MORRIS ROSENBERG 1952 in PUBLIC OPINION QUARTERLY, SPRING
>>>>
>>>> It specifically points to institutional advertising, but we can say
>> that
>>>> much that is being called fake news uses these techniques.
>>>>
>>>> For what it is worth!
>>>> cc
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>> On Fri, Dec 9, 2016 at 9:47 AM, Sarah Ann Oates <soates at umd.edu>
>> wrote:
>>>>>
>>>>> Just have to jump here and refer to the comment above that noted that
>>>>> "What's
>>>>> accurate news for one group
>>>>> may be fake news for another. News is socially constructed." That is
>>>>> certainly a dominant guiding principle from communication studies BUT
>>> what
>>>>> that is very different from news that is deliberately constructed as
>>>>> propaganda. There is indeed a central organizing principle of news in
>>> the
>>>>> service of society -- it can failed or weak, but journalism as a
>>> profession
>>>>> in the United States is concerned with the broader principle that news
>>>>> creates informed citizens and without informed citizens you cannot
>> have
>>> a
>>>>> democracy. You cannot have a democracy without journalism. So the
>>>>> journalism may be flawed and -- in the case of the US -- in particular
>>>>> challenged by a failing economic model of traditional media outlets as
>>>>> advertising shifts to more powerful social-media outlets, etc. There
>> is
>>> a
>>>>> qualitative difference between the attempt to inform the public and
>> the
>>>>> attempt to deceive the public. We can measure the value of news by
>>> criteria
>>>>> such as giving voice to both sides, an attempt to explain issues,
>>> quoting
>>>>> accurately, attempting to give facts, owning up to and correcting an
>>>>> errors, attempting to be objective. As an ex-journalist and a
>> journalism
>>>>> educator, I ask people to stop saying that news and propaganda are
>>> really
>>>>> the same thing. I've heard it for years and it's simply not true. Many
>>>>> journalists risk their lives to bring us as close to the truth as they
>>> can.
>>>>> Propagandists deliberately lie, cheat, deceive, misinform and seek to
>>> use
>>>>> information for their own means. And yes, I know the arguments about
>>> media
>>>>> in service to the state, in service to capitalism, in service to
>>> communism,
>>>>> in service to a media owner etc. But please, people, as communication
>>>>> scholars we need to recognize, support, and try to make better the ONE
>>>>> THING between us and authoritarianism -- a free press.
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> On Fri, Dec 9, 2016 at 9:31 AM, Joshua Braun <jabraun at journ.umass.edu
>>>
>>>>> wrote:
>>>>>
>>>>>> Also, there's the Nature voting study, which—while not on news
>>>>>> specifically—might be seen as raising some interesting questions
>> about
>>>>>> whether messages circulated via social media might be more
>> influential
>>>>>> because of the social context. I.e., When news is circulated via
>> social
>>>>>> networks it is often being spread *by* influencers, which affects the
>>>>>> fit with traditional two-step flow models.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> [http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v489/n7415/full/](http://www.nat
> ure.com/nature/journal/v489/n7415/full/&r=YWlyLWxAbGlzdHNlcnYuYW9pci5vcmc=)
>> nature11421.html
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Not arguing a side here. Just suggesting that applying Lazarsfeld,
>> etc.
>>>>>> might require some rethinking of context.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Cheers,
>>>>>> Josh
>>>>>>
>>>>>>> On 12/09/2016 08:36 AM, Jeanine Finn wrote:
>>>>>>> There is a study of the 2004 elections that might be useful while we
>>>>>> wait for the dust to settle from 2016.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Carlson, M. (2007). Blogs and journalistic authority. Journalism
>>>>>> Studies, 8(2) <http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/
>>>>>> 14616700601148861>, 264–279. doi:10.1080/14616700601148861
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> This paper asserts that the role of blogs cannot be adequately
>>>>>> understood without examining the established media context in which
>>> they
>>>>>> appear. Blogs operate along side, in conjunction with, and in
>>> opposition
>>>>> to
>>>>>> established vehicles for political information, which creates tension
>>>>> among
>>>>>> journalists seeking to preserve their authority. As a site to observe
>>> the
>>>>>> blog-traditional journalism relationship, this article examines the
>>>>>> reaction by journalists and others to blogs’ role in US Election Day
>>> 2004
>>>>>> coverage. Much of the attention by journalists focuses on assessing
>> the
>>>>>> well-publicized decision by some blogs to release incomplete exit
>> polls
>>>>>> erroneously predicting a victory for Democratic candidate John Kerry.
>>>>> This
>>>>>> discourse works to make sense of the status and credibility of blogs
>>>>> while
>>>>>> simultaneously allowing journalists to negotiate their role as
>>>>>> authoritative providers of political news. Ultimately, the discourse
>>>>>> underlines the dynamism of news in a contemporary media environment
>>>>> marked
>>>>>> by new forms of complexity and competitiveness.
>>>>>>> [http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14616700601148861](http:/
> /www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14616700601148861&r=YWlyLWxAbGlzdHNlcnYuY
> W9pci5vcmc=) <
>>>>>> [http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14616700601148861>](http:/
> /www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14616700601148861>&r=YWlyLWxAbGlzdHNlcnYu
> YW9pci5vcmc=)
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> On Dec 9, 2016, at 7:29 AM, Yosem Companys <companys at stanford.edu
>>>>>> <mailto:companys at stanford.edu>> wrote:
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Exactly. I was wondering whether anyone has studied whether news --
>>>>>> fake or
>>>>>>>> real -- had any tangible effect on the 2016 election outcome.
>>> Wouldn't
>>>>>>>> Lazarsfeld et al. say "no," at least not directly?
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Lazarsfeld <
>>>>>> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Lazarsfeld>
>>>>>>>> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-step_flow_of_communication
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> There is a long tradition of studying the effects of news on
>> people's
>>>>>>>> attitudes (or attitude change). My recollection is that news in and
>>> of
>>>>>>>> itself has little influence on people's attitudes unless mediated
>> by
>>>>> an
>>>>>>>> influencer (i.e., hence Lazarsfeld 2-step flow of communication).
>> But
>>>>>>>> experiments show the opposite: News has a strong effect on people's
>>>>>>>> attitudes, though the effect wanes over time.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Anyone studied 2016 from this perspective?
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> On Thu, Dec 8, 2016 at 9:20 PM, Ronald E. Rice <
>> rrice at comm.ucsb.edu>
>>>>>> wrote:
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> Perhaps more important and interesting: anyone have any studies
>>>>> showing
>>>>>>>>> that real (accurate, true) news influenced the 2016 presidential
>>>>>> election
>>>>>>>>> outcome? ;=)
>>>>>>>>> \--
>>>>>>>>> Ronald E. Rice
>>>>>>>>> Arthur N. Rupe Professor in the Social Effects of Mass
>> Communication
>>>>>>>>> International Communication Association President 2006-2007
>>>>>>>>> Dept. of Communication, 4005 Social Sciences & Media Studies Bldg
>>>>>> (SSMS)
>>>>>>>>> University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-4020
>>>>>>>>> Ph: 805-893-8696; Fax: 805-893-7102
>>>>>>>>> rrice at comm.ucsb.edu; [http://www.comm.ucsb.edu/](http://www.comm.uc
> sb.edu/&r=YWlyLWxAbGlzdHNlcnYuYW9pci5vcmc=)
>> people/ronald-e-rice
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> Quoting Yosem Companys <companys at stanford.edu>:
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> Anyone know of any academic studies showing that fake (social
>> media)
>>>>>> news
>>>>>>>>>> influenced the 2016 presidential election outcome?
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> Thanks,
>>>>>>>>>> Yosem
>>>>>>>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>>>>>>>> The Air-L at listserv.aoir.org mailing list
>>>>>>>>>> is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers
>>>>>> [http://aoir.org](http://aoir.org&r=YWlyLWxAbGlzdHNlcnYuYW9pci5vcmc=)
>>>>>>>>>> Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at:
>>>>>>>>>> [http://listserv.aoir.org/listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org](http://list
> serv.aoir.org/listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org&r=YWlyLWxAbGlzdHNlcnYuYW9pci5vcmc=)
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> Join the Association of Internet Researchers:
>>>>>>>>>> [http://www.aoir.org/](http://www.aoir.org/&r=YWlyLWxAbGlzdHNlcnYu
> YW9pci5vcmc=)
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>>>>>> The Air-L at listserv.aoir.org mailing list
>>>>>>>> is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers
>>>>> [http://aoir.org](http://aoir.org&r=YWlyLWxAbGlzdHNlcnYuYW9pci5vcmc=)
>>>>>>>> Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at:
>>>>> [http://listserv.aoir.org/](http://listserv.aoir.org/&r=YWlyLWxAbGlzdHN
> lcnYuYW9pci5vcmc=)
>>>>>> listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Join the Association of Internet Researchers:
>>>>>>>> [http://www.aoir.org/](http://www.aoir.org/&r=YWlyLWxAbGlzdHNlcnYuYW
> 9pci5vcmc=)
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> <\---------------------------------------------------->
>>>>>>> Jeanine Finn, PhD
>>>>>>> Researcher
>>>>>>> School of Information
>>>>>>> University of Texas at Austin
>>>>>>> jefinn at utexas.edu <mailto:jefinn at utexas.edu>
>>>>>>> [http://jeaninefinn.me](http://jeaninefinn.me&r=YWlyLWxAbGlzdHNlcnYuY
> W9pci5vcmc=) <http://jeaninefinn.me/>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>>>>> The Air-L at listserv.aoir.org mailing list
>>>>>>> is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers
>>> [http://aoir.org](http://aoir.org&r=YWlyLWxAbGlzdHNlcnYuYW9pci5vcmc=)
>>>>>>> Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at:
>>> [http://listserv.aoir.org/](http://listserv.aoir.org/&r=YWlyLWxAbGlzdHNlcn
> YuYW9pci5vcmc=)
>>>>>> listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Join the Association of Internet Researchers:
>>>>>>> [http://www.aoir.org/](http://www.aoir.org/&r=YWlyLWxAbGlzdHNlcnYuYW9
> pci5vcmc=)
>>>>>>
>>>>>> \--
>>>>>> Josh Braun, Ph.D.
>>>>>> Assistant Professor of Journalism Studies
>>>>>> Journalism Department
>>>>>> University of Massachusetts Amherst
>>>>>>
>>>>>> @josh_braun
>>>>>> Skype: wideaperture
>>>>>> [http://wideaperture.net/](http://wideaperture.net/&r=YWlyLWxAbGlzdHNl
> cnYuYW9pci5vcmc=)
>>>>>> new book: [http://yalebooks.com/book/9780300197501/program-
> brought-](http://yalebooks.com/book/9780300197501/program-
> brought-&r=YWlyLWxAbGlzdHNlcnYuYW9pci5vcmc=)
>> you
>>>>>>
>>>>>> "Maybe the only gift is a chance to inquire, to know nothing for
>>> certain.
>>>>>> An inheritance of wonder and nothing more."
>>>>>> William Least Heat-Moon
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>>>> The Air-L at listserv.aoir.org mailing list
>>>>>> is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers
>> [http://aoir.org](http://aoir.org&r=YWlyLWxAbGlzdHNlcnYuYW9pci5vcmc=)
>>>>>> Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at:
>> [http://listserv.aoir.org/](http://listserv.aoir.org/&r=YWlyLWxAbGlzdHNlcnYu
> YW9pci5vcmc=)
>>>>>> listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Join the Association of Internet Researchers:
>>>>>> [http://www.aoir.org/](http://www.aoir.org/&r=YWlyLWxAbGlzdHNlcnYuYW9p
> ci5vcmc=)
>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> \--
>>>>> Sarah Oates
>>>>> Professor and Senior Scholar
>>>>> Philip Merrill College of Journalism
>>>>> University of Maryland
>>>>> College Park, MD 20457
>>>>> Email: soates at umd.edu
>>>>> Phone: 301 405 4510
>>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>>> The Air-L at listserv.aoir.org mailing list
>>>>> is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers
>> [http://aoir.org](http://aoir.org&r=YWlyLWxAbGlzdHNlcnYuYW9pci5vcmc=)
>>>>> Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at:
>> [http://listserv.aoir.org/](http://listserv.aoir.org/&r=YWlyLWxAbGlzdHNlcnYu
> YW9pci5vcmc=)
>>>>> listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
>>>>>
>>>>> Join the Association of Internet Researchers:
>>>>> [http://www.aoir.org/](http://www.aoir.org/&r=YWlyLWxAbGlzdHNlcnYuYW9pc
> i5vcmc=)
>>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> \--
>>>> \--
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> *Carolina Cambre PhD Assistant Professor Concordia University, Montreal
>>>> Centre for Global Citizenship Education & Research Fellow Affiliate of
>>>> Concordia University - Centre for Oral History and Digital Storytelling
>>>> [http://storytelling.concordia.ca/content/cambre-
> carolina](http://storytelling.concordia.ca/content/cambre-
> carolina&r=YWlyLWxAbGlzdHNlcnYuYW9pci5vcmc=)
>>>> <http://storytelling.concordia.ca/content/cambre-carolina> Book:
>>>> [http://www.bloomsbury.com/us/the-semiotics-of-che-
> guevara-](http://www.bloomsbury.com/us/the-semiotics-of-che-
> guevara-&r=YWlyLWxAbGlzdHNlcnYuYW9pci5vcmc=)
>> 9781472505293/
>>>> <http://www.bloomsbury.com/us/the-semiotics-of-che-guevara-
>>> 9781472505293/>*
>>>> <http://www.bloomsbury.com/us/the-semiotics-of-che-guevara-
>>> 9781472505293/>
>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>> The Air-L at listserv.aoir.org mailing list
>>>> is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers
> [http://aoir.org](http://aoir.org&r=YWlyLWxAbGlzdHNlcnYuYW9pci5vcmc=)
>>>> Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: [http://listserv.aoir.org/]
> (http://listserv.aoir.org/&r=YWlyLWxAbGlzdHNlcnYuYW9pci5vcmc=)
>>> listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
>>>>
>>>> Join the Association of Internet Researchers:
>>>> [http://www.aoir.org/](http://www.aoir.org/&r=YWlyLWxAbGlzdHNlcnYuYW9pci
> 5vcmc=)
>>>
>>
>>
>>
>> \--
>> \--
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> *Carolina Cambre PhD Assistant Professor Concordia University, Montreal
>> Centre for Global Citizenship Education & Research Fellow Affiliate of
>> Concordia University - Centre for Oral History and Digital Storytelling
>> [http://storytelling.concordia.ca/content/cambre-
> carolina](http://storytelling.concordia.ca/content/cambre-
> carolina&r=YWlyLWxAbGlzdHNlcnYuYW9pci5vcmc=)
>> <http://storytelling.concordia.ca/content/cambre-carolina> Book:
>> [http://www.bloomsbury.com/us/the-semiotics-of-che-
> guevara-9781472505293/](http://www.bloomsbury.com/us/the-semiotics-of-che-
> guevara-9781472505293/&r=YWlyLWxAbGlzdHNlcnYuYW9pci5vcmc=)
>> <http://www.bloomsbury.com/us/the-semiotics-of-che-guevara-9781472505293/
>>> *
>> <http://www.bloomsbury.com/us/the-semiotics-of-che-guevara-9781472505293/>
>> _______________________________________________
>> The Air-L at listserv.aoir.org mailing list
>> is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers
> [http://aoir.org](http://aoir.org&r=YWlyLWxAbGlzdHNlcnYuYW9pci5vcmc=)
>> Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: [http://listserv.aoir.org/](htt
> p://listserv.aoir.org/&r=YWlyLWxAbGlzdHNlcnYuYW9pci5vcmc=)
>> listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
>>
>> Join the Association of Internet Researchers:
>> [http://www.aoir.org/](http://www.aoir.org/&r=YWlyLWxAbGlzdHNlcnYuYW9pci5vcm
> c=)
> _______________________________________________
> The Air-L at listserv.aoir.org mailing list
> is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers
> [http://aoir.org](http://aoir.org&r=YWlyLWxAbGlzdHNlcnYuYW9pci5vcmc=)
> Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: [http://listserv.aoir.org/listinf
> o.cgi/air-l-aoir.org](http://listserv.aoir.org/listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org&r=Y
> WlyLWxAbGlzdHNlcnYuYW9pci5vcmc=)
>
>>
>
>> Join the Association of Internet Researchers:
> [http://www.aoir.org/](http://www.aoir.org/&r=YWlyLWxAbGlzdHNlcnYuYW9pci5vcmc=
> )
>
> _______________________________________________
> The Air-L at listserv.aoir.org mailing list
> is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org
> Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
>
> Join the Association of Internet Researchers:
> http://www.aoir.org/
More information about the Air-L
mailing list