[Air-L] Data privacy via the WTO?

Mon Sep 3 11:48:23 PDT 2018

Hello all

In relation to an early question in this thread about how people will
exercise their data rights, colleagues here at Sheffield explored this
issue on a project covering 10 countries and 184 organisations, in which
expert post-docs attempted to access their data rights. In 20% of cases, it
was not possible to locate the data controller; in 43%, data was not
disclosed; in 56%, no adequate response about data sharing was received.
See:

   - https://www.springer.com/gb/book/9783319475714
   -
   https://www.dhi.ac.uk/san/waysofbeing/data/governance-crone-l'hoiry-2015.pdf
   .

In relation to the 'how-do-people-feel-about-what-happens-to-their-data'
question, despite the projects shared in this thread and others emerging
elsewhere, there is still a huge absence of knowledge about this which has
been produced through methodologically rigorous empirical research, in my
view. Here are some things I (& others) have said on the topic:

   - Kennedy, H. (2018) ‘Living with data: aligning data studies and data
   activism through a focus on everyday experiences of datafiction’, *Krisis:
   journal for contemporary philosophy, *http://krisis.eu/living-with-data/.
   - Kennedy, H., Elgesem, D. and Miguel, C. (2015) ‘On fairness: user
   perspectives on social media data mining,’ *Convergence*, DOI:
   10.1177/1354856515592507.

Best wishes

Helen

On Wed, 29 Aug 2018 at 09:45, Livingstone,S <S.Livingstone at lse.ac.uk> wrote:

> Really interesting discussion, all, and thanks. If I may just add that one
> in three internet users worldwide is a child, and it's important to include
> children in the research and in the regulatory discussion (as Amanda Third
> and I argued here http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/68759/ )
>
> I recently wrote about children's data and digital literacy in relation to
> the GDPR in case that's of interest
>
> http://www.iicom.org/intermedia/intermedia-july-2018/children-a-special-case-for-privacy
>
> and will continue to research this topic
>
> http://www.lse.ac.uk/media-and-communications/research/research-projects/childprivacyonline
>
> all the best, Sonia
>
> Professor Sonia Livingstone, DPhil, FBA, FAcSS, FBPS, FRSA, OBE
> Dept. of Media and Communications, London School of Economics and
> Political Science
> Room TW2 7.01, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE  UK
> Web & bio: www.sonialivingstone.net
> Blog: www.parenting.digital
> Twitter: @Livingstone_S
> Global Kids Online: www.globalkidsonline.net
> Open access publications:
> http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/view/lseauthor/Livingstone,_Sonia.default.html
> New book: The Class: Living and learning in the digital age
> Children’s rights in the digital age: New Media & Society special issue
>
>
>
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Air-L [mailto:air-l-bounces at listserv.aoir.org] On Behalf Of Deborah
> Lupton
> Sent: 27 August 2018 23:18
> To: Alicia BR <alicialorna at gmail.com>
> Cc: air-l at listserv.aoir.org
> Subject: Re: [Air-L] Data privacy via the WTO?
>
> I am finding very similar attitudes and practices here in Australia, even
> soon after the Cambridge Analytica scandal. Most Australians have not yet
> been directly adversely affected by secondary use of their personal data in
> material ways, at least to their knowledge. They are not very concerned
> about it, therefore.
>
> On Tue, Aug 28, 2018 at 5:44 AM, Alicia BR <alicialorna at gmail.com> wrote:
>
> > Thank you for sharing your projects Deborah and Jennifer. I am just
> > writing up a research consultancy where we interviewed youth/parents
> > and teachers in 5 EU countries about current and emerging changes in
> > technology. The overall sense in terms of questions about data
> > protection is that some people are paying more attention since
> > Cambridge Analytica (at least those who come to focus groups, which is
> > obviously not necessarily representative!), although the language of
> > ‘data’ and ‘privacy’ seems very unevenly spread. Moreover, even people
> > who are aware of data collection seem more or less OK with it as long
> > as it is ‘useful’ (e.g. advertising to them services they want, as
> > opposed to something their spouse looked for or unrelated content). A
> > few people found it ‘creepy’ but not to the extent that they cared
> > that much about it or would stop using services because of it.
> >
> > This is only a small project and not something we can draw big
> > conclusions from but is interesting.
> >
> > Ultimately, for the moment I don’t think there is a clear conversation
> > about/rationale for *why* people should care about data
> > collection/data privacy. Yes there is a movement to make this more of
> > a focus of legislation but even I, as a media researcher, remain a
> > little woolly as to what the consequences at the individual level are
> > for my data being collected - let alone from a collective/equity
> > perspective. Until the consequences are made more transparent to
> > people I think any demand for changing data collection practices will
> > have to come from researchers/advocates/government rather than
> > expecting that it will come from ‘the public.’
> >
> > Alicia
> >
> > Dr Alicia Blum-Ross
> > www.parenting.digital
> > <http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/parenting4digitalfuture/>
> > www.makeyproject.eu <http://makeyproject.eu/> @aliciablumross
> > <https://twitter.com/aliciablumross?lang=en>
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > On Aug 27, 2018, at 4:50 AM, Deborah Lupton <deborah.lupton at gmail.com>
> > wrote:
> >
> > Interesting to see what you are doing, Jennifer. I have two current
> > projects on people's understandings and responses to personal data on
> > the go at the moment, both of which will contribute to my
> > book-in-progress, provisionally titled 'Data Selves' (to be published
> > by Polity), which will also involve quite a lot of social theory,
> > building on my recent article in Big Data & Society.
> >
> > The first project, 'Data Personas', asks people to respond to the
> > concept of 'data persona', including imagining how much this persona
> > is similar to or different from them, and how it will change in the
> > future. The second project, "Personal Data Feelings', involves the
> > story completion method, using four different story 'stubs' involving
> personal data privacy issues.
> > There's some really interesting insights coming out of both ...
> >
> > On Mon, Aug 27, 2018 at 8:12 PM, Pybus, Jennifer via Air-L <
> > air-l at listserv.aoir.org> wrote:
> >
> > Hi All,
> >
> > This is a really important thread. We have been researching public
> > awareness of mobile data generation since 2013 and have found a range
> > of awareness levels. But to generalise, people still seem to favour
> > convenience, despite the spike in awareness from FB, Cambridge
> > Analytics, etc. We developed tools like the Mobile Miner app, for
> > ethically harvesting mobile data for research and collective use. I am
> > leading a new AHRC project that will further develop those tools for
> > greater public impact and access. We will be working with the Tactical
> > Tech Collective on our ‘Hacking the Mobile Ecosystem’ tools/workshop
> > suite. This allows people to drag mobile applications onto their
> > laptops for closer examination, allowing them to decompile or break
> > open apps and to inspect their technical elements. Relevant to this
> > thread, we’ve used this to examine personal data flows, for example
> > regarding what kind of data the app is accessing, how often, and with
> > whom it is shared. We will be launching a website soon and tools will
> > be available for all interesting in cultivating creative and critical
> > understanding of the personal data economy. Watch this space.
> >
> > Best,
> >
> > Dr. Jennifer Pybus
> > Programme Convenor, BA Digital Culture Lecturer in Digital Culture and
> > Society King’s College London Department of Digital Humanities Strand,
> > Room 3.22 London, WC2R 2LS
> >
> >
> > On 26 Aug 2018, at 6:39 pm, Amanda M L Taylor <AMLTaylor at uclan.ac.uk
> > <mailto:AMLTaylor at uclan.ac.uk <AMLTaylor at uclan.ac.uk>>> wrote:
> >
> > Can I just add... does anyone think people in general have moved past
> > the convenience over conscious phase of new technological change? My
> > experience tells me on the whole that most people haven’t really
> > thought about any of this - hence why data trading has made the oil
> > type status in terms of value.
> >
> > Amanda
> >
> > On 26 Aug 2018, at 18:28, Livingstone,S <S.Livingstone at lse.ac.uk<mailto:
> > S.Livingstone at lse.ac.uk>> wrote:
> >
> > Hi and yes, I realise that. If I know who has my data I now have the
> > right to ask them about it.  My query was more how a user is to know
> > which service provider to ask? Who, in short, will help me establish
> > the existence of files in the first place? Given the global trade in
> > data and a host of intermediaries, data brokers, etc.
> >
> > It seems to me that the user now needs to understand not just the apps
> > on their phone but the entire data economy, if they are to exercise
> > their rights....
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > From: Ansgar Koene [mailto:Ansgar.Koene at nottingham.ac.uk
> > <Ansgar.Koene at nottingham.ac.uk>]
> > Sent: 26 August 2018 16:31
> > To: Livingstone,S
> > <S.Livingstone at lse.ac.uk<mailto:S.Livingstone at lse.ac.uk
> > <S.Livingstone at lse.ac.uk>>>;
> > Aram Sinnreich <aram at american.edu<mailto:aram at american.edu
> > <aram at american.edu>>>;
> > air-l at listserv.aoir.org<mailto:air-l at listserv.aoir.org
> > <air-l at listserv.aoir.org>> <
> > air-l at listserv.aoir.org<mailto:air-l at listserv.aoir.org
> > <air-l at listserv.aoir.org>>>
> > Subject: Re: [Air-L] Data privacy via the WTO?
> >
> >
> > Hi Sonia,
> >
> > in order for a country to be compliant with Convention 108 it must
> > pass national laws that, as a minimum, enact the rights and
> > obligations stated in the convention. In the case of the EU, Article 8
> > of Convention 108 is included in GDPR via the right to ask service
> > providers what data they hold about you.
> >
> >
> >
> > Cheers,
> >
> > Ansgar
> >
> >
> > Dr. Ansgar Koene
> > Senior Research Fellow: UnBias, CaSMa & Horizon Policy Impact Horizon
> > Digital Economy Research Institute University of Nottingham Working
> > group chair for IEEE Standard on Algorithm Bias Considerations
> > https://emea01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=
> > http%3A%2F%2Funbias.wp.horizon.ac.uk%2F&data=01%
> > 7C01%7Cjennifer.pybus%40kcl.ac.uk%7Caf72fedc4bf243c4d62508d60b7acec9%
> > 7C8370cf1416f34c16b83c724071654356%7C0&sdata=
> > kdHbPJZloN1FnzL83H2CmOXtN76rUUN3QNDQROx86Mo%3D&reserved=0
> > https://emea01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=
> > http%3A%2F%2Fcasma.wp.horizon.ac.uk%2F&data=01%7C01%
> > 7Cjennifer.pybus%40kcl.ac.uk%7Caf72fedc4bf243c4d62508d60b7acec9%
> > 7C8370cf1416f34c16b83c724071654356%7C0&sdata=0cT90%
> > 2FkBazD7MBCxNNxw1RzoAlxdYv9ZQRV%2BeSVKgYM%3D&reserved=0
> > https://emea01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=
> > http%3A%2F%2Fwww.horizon.ac.uk%2F&data=01%7C01%
> > 7Cjennifer.pybus%40kcl.ac.uk%7Caf72fedc4bf243c4d62508d60b7acec9%
> > 7C8370cf1416f34c16b83c724071654356%7C0&sdata=tArKcG3DGDPQOseMkq7KS
> > i%
> > 2BK29WEOHEjY2jaIxTlm0A%3D&reserved=0
> > https://emea01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=
> > https%3A%2F%2Fstandards.ieee.org%2Fdevelop%2Fproject%
> > 2F7003.html&data=01%7C01%7Cjennifer.pybus%40kcl.ac.uk%
> > 7Caf72fedc4bf243c4d62508d60b7acec9%7C8370cf1416f34c16b83c72407165
> > 4356%7C0&sdata=mdeu6eTyjAhjeesisl3T5mXnjED3Zz
> > c9Tczbk1CaSEs%3D&reserved=0
> > https://emea01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=
> > https%3A%2F%2Fsites.google.com%2Fsite%2Farkoene%2F&
> > data=01%7C01%7Cjennifer.pybus%40kcl.ac.uk%7Caf72fedc4bf243c4d62508d60b
> > 7a cec9%7C8370cf1416f34c16b83c724071654356%7C0&sdata=
> > aJmh8lX6yczGPPEIOJJ3rxq083kGogdJ0ax3tJPx2ek%3D&reserved=0
> > ________________________________
> > From: Livingstone,S <S.Livingstone at lse.ac.uk<mailto:
> > S.Livingstone at lse.ac.uk><mailto:S.Livingstone at lse.ac.uk>>
> > Sent: Saturday, August 25, 2018 8:02:07 PM
> > To: Ansgar Koene; Aram Sinnreich; air-l at listserv.aoir.org<mailto:
> > air-l at listserv.aoir.org><mailto:air-l at listserv.aoir.org>
> > Subject: Re: [Air-L] Data privacy via the WTO?
> >
> > Thanks for this discussion
> >
> > This is interesting:
> >
> >
> > Article 8 - Additional safeguards for the data subject
> >
> > Any person shall be enabled:
> >
> > ato establish the existence of an automated personal data file, its
> > main purposes, as well as the identity and habitual residence or
> > principal place of business of the controller of the file;
> >
> > How do we imagine users can figure out which data brokers and
> > harvesters have their personal data and will the data protection
> > authority really help them if they don't know where to start looking?
> >
> > Best, Sonia
> >
> >
> > From: "air-l-bounces at listserv.aoir.org<mailto:air-l-bounces@
> > listserv.aoir.org><mailto:air-l-bounces at listserv.aoir.org>" <
> > air-l-bounces at listserv.aoir.org<mailto:air-l-bounces at listserv.aoir.org
> >
> > <mailto:air-l-bounces at listserv.aoir.org>> on behalf of Ansgar Koene <
> >
> > Ansgar.Koene at nottingham.ac.uk<mailto:Ansgar.Koene at nottingham.ac.uk
> >
> > <mailto:Ansgar.Koene at nottingham.ac.uk>>
> >
> > Date: Saturday, 25 August 2018 at 13:43
> > To: Aram Sinnreich <aram at american.edu<mailto:aram at american.edu><mailto:
> > aram at american.edu>>, "air-l at listserv.aoir.org<mailto:
> > air-l at listserv.aoir.org><mailto:air-l at listserv.aoir.org>" <
> > air-l at listserv.aoir.org<mailto:air-l at listserv.aoir.org><mailto:
> > air-l at listserv.aoir.org>>
> > Subject: Re: [Air-L] Data privacy via the WTO?
> >
> > Dear Aram,
> >
> > I read your policy brief with interest and I think most people will be
> > able to agree with your analysis that an international approach to
> > data privacy is necessary. I do however have my concerns regarding the
> > WTO as appropriate body for administering this.
> >
> > As its name suggests, the WTO is tasked with dealing with questions
> > regarding trade. Assigning data privacy as being mandated by WTO
> > pre-supposes a trade based interpretation of data privacy akin to
> > discussions around ownership of personal data or "data as the new oil"
> etc.
> > When contrasting the US and EU approaches to data privacy, personal
> > data as a trade good is considered as a US perspective. The EU
> > approach at the basis of the GDPR is to consider data privacy from a
> > human rights perspective. This distinction has a lot of consequences,
> > one of which would be a discomfort with having the WTO as
> > administrating organization for international privacy regulation.
> >
> > Connected to this are concerns that trade negotiations, including
> > those at the WTO, are considered to be lacking in transparency.
> >
> >
> > When considering international efforts to establish common minimum
> > requirements around data privacy it would be important to also
> > consider the efforts of the Council of Europe, which recently updated
> > Convention 108 (Convention for the Protection of Individuals with
> > regard to Automatic Processing of Personal Data https://emea01.safelinks
> .
> > protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.coe.int%
> > 2Fen%2Fweb%2Fconventions%2Ffull-list%2F-%2Fconventions%
> > 2Ftreaty%2F108&data=01%7C01%7Cjennifer.pybus%40kcl.ac.uk%
> > 7Caf72fedc4bf243c4d62508d60b7acec9%7C8370cf1416f34c16b83c72407165
> > 4356%7C0&sdata=b0vw6gt%2F5dkNe9j6Cj6ffnqD5LNtSslUpj6z
> > bibi5Tk%3D&reserved=0).
> >
> >
> > Karolina Mojzesowicz from the European Commission stated that
> > "Convention [108] was the source, the mother of the European EU data
> protection rules"
> > and that it "was and will remain the key compass in the European and
> > global privacy legal landscape"
> >
> > Out of the 110 countries in the world with data protection laws (in
> > June
> > 2016) nearly half are already members of Convention 108.
> >
> >
> > Note that the Council of Europe [https://emea01.safelinks.
> > protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.coe.int%
> > 2Fen%2Fweb%2Fportal%2Fhome%2F&data=01%7C01%7Cjennifer.
> > pybus%40kcl.ac.uk%7Caf72fedc4bf243c4d62508d60b7acec9%
> > 7C8370cf1416f34c16b83c724071654356%7C0&sdata=
> > DithW6DkA643iqWrJKE3RcRMe%2FRL2zfxJven%2FLs1Jbg%3D&reserved=0] has
> > 47 member states, including the 28 EU states bus also Russian
> > Federation, Turkey and others.
> >
> > As of October 1st 2018 Convention 108 will be in force not only in the
> > 47 countries of the Council of Europe but also in Cabo Verde,
> > Mauritius, Mexico, Senegal, Tunisia and Uruguay.
> >
> >
> > Best wishes,
> >
> > Ansgar
> >
> >
> > Dr. Ansgar Koene
> > Senior Research Fellow: UnBias, CaSMa & Horizon Policy Impact Horizon
> > Digital Economy Research Institute University of Nottingham Working
> > group chair for IEEE Standard on Algorithm Bias Considerations
> > https://emea01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=
> > http%3A%2F%2Funbias.wp.horizon.ac.uk%2F&data=01%
> > 7C01%7Cjennifer.pybus%40kcl.ac.uk%7Caf72fedc4bf243c4d62508d60b7acec9%
> > 7C8370cf1416f34c16b83c724071654356%7C0&sdata=
> > kdHbPJZloN1FnzL83H2CmOXtN76rUUN3QNDQROx86Mo%3D&reserved=0
> > https://emea01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=
> > http%3A%2F%2Fcasma.wp.horizon.ac.uk%2F&data=01%7C01%
> > 7Cjennifer.pybus%40kcl.ac.uk%7Caf72fedc4bf243c4d62508d60b7acec9%
> > 7C8370cf1416f34c16b83c724071654356%7C0&sdata=0cT90%
> > 2FkBazD7MBCxNNxw1RzoAlxdYv9ZQRV%2BeSVKgYM%3D&reserved=0
> > https://emea01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=
> > http%3A%2F%2Fwww.horizon.ac.uk%2F&data=01%7C01%
> > 7Cjennifer.pybus%40kcl.ac.uk%7Caf72fedc4bf243c4d62508d60b7acec9%
> > 7C8370cf1416f34c16b83c724071654356%7C0&sdata=tArKcG3DGDPQOseMkq7KS
> > i%
> > 2BK29WEOHEjY2jaIxTlm0A%3D&reserved=0
> > https://emea01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=
> > https%3A%2F%2Fstandards.ieee.org%2Fdevelop%2Fproject%
> > 2F7003.html&data=01%7C01%7Cjennifer.pybus%40kcl.ac.uk%
> > 7Caf72fedc4bf243c4d62508d60b7acec9%7C8370cf1416f34c16b83c72407165
> > 4356%7C0&sdata=mdeu6eTyjAhjeesisl3T5mXnjED3Zz
> > c9Tczbk1CaSEs%3D&reserved=0
> > https://emea01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=
> > https%3A%2F%2Fsites.google.com%2Fsite%2Farkoene%2F&
> > data=01%7C01%7Cjennifer.pybus%40kcl.ac.uk%7Caf72fedc4bf243c4d62508d60b
> > 7a cec9%7C8370cf1416f34c16b83c724071654356%7C0&sdata=
> > aJmh8lX6yczGPPEIOJJ3rxq083kGogdJ0ax3tJPx2ek%3D&reserved=0
> > ________________________________
> > From: Air-L <air-l-bounces at listserv.aoir.org<mailto:air-l-bounces@
> > listserv.aoir.org><mailto:air-l-bounces at listserv.aoir.org>> on behalf
> > of Aram Sinnreich
> > <aram at american.edu<mailto:aram at american.edu><mailto:aram@
> > american.edu>>
> > Sent: Friday, August 24, 2018 8:39:15 PM
> > To: air-l at listserv.aoir.org<mailto:air-l at listserv.aoir.org><mailto:
> > air-l at listserv.aoir.org>
> > Subject: [Air-L] Data privacy via the WTO?
> >
> > Fellow AoIRers,
> >
> > Last week, I published this short policy brief arguing that post-GDPR,
> > data privacy should be administered via an international treaty
> > organization, specifically the WTO.
> >
> > This is a very preliminary sketch, but I'd be curious to hear feedback
> > from other people interested in data privacy regulation before I build
> > on it. Let me know your thoughts!
> >
> > https://emea01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=
> > http%3A%2F%2Fcmsimpact.org%2Fdata-security%2Fpolicy-briefing-note-an-
> > international-approach-to-data-privacy%2F&data=01%
> > 7C01%7Cjennifer.pybus%40kcl.ac.uk%7Caf72fedc4bf243c4d62508d60b7acec9%
> > 7C8370cf1416f34c16b83c724071654356%7C0&sdata=
> > nwNBtO08Tsp5OaMCAiYEIM2wkLoorUXfAV%2BfGqxLnFM%3D&reserved=0
> >
> > Thanks!
> >
> > -
> > Aram Sinnreich (https://emea01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=
> > http%3A%2F%2Faram.sinnreich.com&data=01%7C01%
> > 7Cjennifer.pybus%40kcl.ac.uk%7Caf72fedc4bf243c4d62508d60b7acec9%
> > 7C8370cf1416f34c16b83c724071654356%7C0&sdata=9So%
> > 2Bv8vb53Rlp0AWOuEFWqHEOQMX6tqhrfjbsgDMpbA%3D&reserved=0)
> >
> > Associate Professor
> > Chair, Communication Studies
> > American University
> > (https://emea01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=
> >
> > http%3A%2F%2Fwww.american.edu%2Fsoc%2F&data=01%7C01%
> > 7Cjennifer.pybus%40kcl.ac.uk%7Caf72fedc4bf243c4d62508d60b7acec9%
> > 7C8370cf1416f34c16b83c724071654356%7C0&sdata=
> > hiobnStUXaXw%2FDbQyb7CTwDvp%2Fq8sEY7CIvVZmk8jZ4%3D&reserved=0)
> > School of Communication (https://emea01.safelinks.
> > protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.american.edu%
> > 2Fsoc%2F&data=01%7C01%7Cjennifer.pybus%40kcl.ac.uk%
> > 7Caf72fedc4bf243c4d62508d60b7acec9%7C8370cf1416f34c16b83c72407165
> > 4356%7C0&sdata=hiobnStUXaXw%2FDbQyb7CTwDvp%2Fq8sEY7CIvVZmk8jZ4%3D&
> > amp;
> > reserved=0)
> >
> > Author (https://emea01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=
> > http%3A%2F%2Fj.mp%2Fsinnreich&data=01%7C01%7Cjennifer.
> > pybus%40kcl.ac.uk%7Caf72fedc4bf243c4d62508d60b7acec9%
> > 7C8370cf1416f34c16b83c724071654356%7C0&sdata=
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-- 
Professor Helen Kennedy, Chair in Digital Society
University of Sheffield
T: 0114 2226488
E: h.kennedy at sheffield.ac.uk

OUT NOW: 'Living with data: aligning data studies and data activism through
a focus on everyday experiences of datafication', *Krisis, Journal for
Contemporary Philosophy*, 2018, http://krisis.eu.