[Air-L] New Book: ‘Artificial Intelligence: Media and Information Literacy, Human Rights and Freedom of Expression’

Wed Mar 31 13:59:08 PDT 2021

Dear All

I am pleased to announce a new book (FREE to download an e-copy at the link
below).

‘Artificial Intelligence: Media and Information Literacy, Human Rights and
Freedom of Expression’

Published by TheNextMinds for the UNESCO Institute for Information
Technologies in Education.

Editors:

Ibrahim Kushchu, Tuba Demirel

Contributing Authors:

Igor Shnurenko, Tatiana Murovana, Ibrahim Kushchu

The table of contents is below and you can download a free e-copy here:

https://thenextminds.com/resources/

======
Ibrahim KUSHCHU, MBA, MSC., PHD
Director, theNextMinds
info at thenextminds.com
www.thenextminds.com
+44 7740143135

========

CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
......................................................................................
I

EXECUTIVE
SUMMARY......................................................................................
II

1. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE & EMERGING
TECHNOLOGIES............................... 1

1.1 Artificial
Intelligence.......................................................................................2

1.1.1 Revisiting The Narrow Artificial Intelligence
.......................................3

1.2 Augmented Intelligence: Extending Human and Machine Intelligence...4

1.3 How Does AI
Work?........................................................................................5

1.4 Digital Technologies, AI and The Societal
Implications..............................6

1.5 Emerging Automation
Technologies............................................................8

1.6 Introducing Automation
Concepts...............................................................9

1.6.1 Big
Data....................................................................................................9

1.6.2 The
Cloud...............................................................................................11

1.6.3 The Internet of
Things..........................................................................13

1.6.4 Industry 4.0, Automation and Robotics
............................................14

1.6.5 Section
Summary..................................................................................16

1.7 What Is So Special with AI?
.........................................................................17

1.7.1 The Two Super Powers of
AI................................................................18

1.8 Co-Evolution of AI with
Society...................................................................20

1.8.1 The Risks of
AI.......................................................................................22

1.8.2 Barriers to Beneficial AI
.......................................................................22

1.8.3 Beneficial AI and
MIL............................................................................24

1.9 Conclusions and Principles of AI for
MIL...................................................26

References............................................................................................................27

2. MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY & ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE............ 30

2.1 UNESCO Perspectives on
MIL.....................................................................31

2.2 Media and Information Literacy and Socio-Economic Context
.............34

2.2.1 Complexity and Uncertainty
...............................................................35

2.2.2 Changes in The Media
Environment..................................................36

2.2.3 Post-Truth
Era.......................................................................................38

2.2.4 ‘Attention Economy’ and ‘Surveillance
Capitalism’............................39

2.3 MIL-Related Challenges Posed by The
AI...................................................41

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY, HUMAN RIGHTS AND
FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION

2.3.1 Filter Bubbles and Echo
Chambers....................................................42

2.3.2 AI and Decision-Making in
Communication......................................43

2.3.3 Programmed to Be
Addictive..............................................................44

2.4 How MIL Can Practically Empower Citizens in The Digital
Era................46

2.5 Critical Cognitive and Behavioural
Autonomy..........................................49

2.6 Concluding
Remarks....................................................................................51

References............................................................................................................52

3. AI IMPACT ON HUMAN RIGHTS AND FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION.................55

3.1 The Context for Human Rights and
AI.......................................................56

3.1.1 Human Rights in Information Age and The Arrival of AI
.................56

3.1.2 Uncertainty of AI and Human Rights Due
Diligence.........................59

3.1.3 AI and The Right to
Privacy..................................................................60

3.2 Features and Uses of AI in The Context of Human
Rights......................60

3.2.1 AI’s Lack of Predictability: AGI vs. Narrow
AI.....................................60

3.2.2 The Dual Aspect of AI-Driven
Personalization...................................61

3.2.3 Responsibility Delusion in Automated
Decision-Making.................62

3.2.4 Dangerous Use of Consumer
Data.....................................................63

3.2.5 AI-Based Surveillance and
Tracking....................................................64

3.2.6 AI-Enabled Affect
Recognition.............................................................65

3.2.7 AI in Content
Moderation....................................................................66

3.2.8 AI-Driven
Micro-Targeting....................................................................67

3.2.9 The Corporate Power and The Behavioural Surplus Economy.......67

3.2.10 ‘Prediction
Factories’.............................................................................68

3.2.11 AI for Propaganda and
Disinformation..............................................68

3.2.12 Fake News and Deep
Fakes.................................................................69

3.2.13 Potential to Embed and Perpetuate Bias and Discrimination.........70

3.3 AI Trends for Human
Rights........................................................................70

3.3.1 Applying AI to Fight Bias, Discrimination, Inequality and

Creating Global
Opportunities...........................................................70

3.3.2 Societal Solutions to Challenges of
AI................................................72

3.3.3 People’s Control Over Their
Data........................................................73

3.3.4 New Dangers for Human
Rights.........................................................74

3.3.5 Existential Human Rights Danger: Free Will Under
Threat..............74

3.3.6 AI Fast Progress Requires Update of The Human Rights List..........75

3.3.7 Education is Key for Building a Responsible
AI.................................76

3.4 Concluding
Remarks....................................................................................77

References............................................................................................................77

4. GLOBAL AND NATIONAL APPROACHES TO AI REGULATION........................
80

4.1 Global Trends: Competition vs.
Cooperation............................................81

4.2 Nationalizing AI as a Geopolitical
Tool.......................................................81

4.3 AI Regulation as a Tool in AI Race
..............................................................82

4.3.1 Europe: Building
Trust..........................................................................82

4.3.2 China: Building Centralized AI-Driven Systems of
Control..............84

4.3.3 USA: Focus on Defence and
Security..................................................88

4.4 AI May not Be a Silver Bullet to Solve All
Problems..................................89

4.5 Concluding
Remarks....................................................................................92

References............................................................................................................92

5. PROTECTION OF RIGHTS WITH AI: LEGISLATIVE, REGULATORY

AND POLICY
RESPONSES...............................................................................
94

5.1 Universality and Limitations of Human Rights
........................................95

5.1.1 Boundaries on Human
Rights.............................................................95

5.1.2 AI and The Principle of Universality of Human
Rights......................95

5.1.3 Right to Privacy as a Gateway to Freedom of
Expression................96

5.2 Moderating Freedoms: Global Trends in AI Dealing with

Freedoms and
Censorship..........................................................................96

5.2.1 Trend: Eroding Protection for Freedom of
Expression....................96

5.2.2 AI Surveillance Becomes
Ubiquitous..................................................97

5.3 Policy Response I: Preventing State-Private Collusion and

Big Tech
Abuse..............................................................................................98

5.4 Policy Response II: Key Requirements and Guidelines for

Trustworthy
AI............................................................................................
100

5.5 Policy Response III: Human-Centric AI Application to Legislation.......
103

5.6 Importance of Collective Decisions and
Openness............................... 105

5.7 Concluding
Remarks.................................................................................
107

References.........................................................................................................
108

6. CLOSING
NOTES........................................................................................
110