[Assam] Asom or Oxom, phonetically speaking

Chan Mahanta cmahanta at charter.net
Fri Mar 10 14:48:13 PST 2006


Hi ya'll,

Thanks much for the very informative discourse. I 
learnt a LOT from your discussions and Rajen's 
very fine and hard work spanning all these years. 
Alpana's work helped get the story together.

cm










At 4:36 PM -0600 3/10/06, Barua25 wrote:
>  > The word Sanskrit means completed, refined, 
>perfected. Sum (Complete) + krt (created). 
>Virtually every Sanskrit >student in India 
>learns the traditional story that Sanskrit was 
>created and then refined over many generations
>  >(traditionally more than a thousand years) 
>until it was considered complete and perfect. 
>The original crude language >from which Sanskrit 
>was derived could be Prakrit.
>
>Alpana:
>You are right. The above statement is taken from 
>one of the websites you referred. The above 
>statement seems to explain it better. The 
>original crude language from which Sanskrit was 
>derived could be Prakrit. Our modern Indian 
>languages also are derived from this original 
>crude lanugae called Prakit. So from the same 
>original crude Prakit language one branch(es) 
>became our modern Indian languages and the other 
>branch became more refined and structured and 
>became Sanskrit.
>
>Now if we keep our conception to this, 
>everything would seem clear. But the problem is 
>sometimes some scholars would throw the word 
>Sanskrit even to the poriginal Prakit and thrhow 
>statements that all our languages are actually 
>derived from Sanskrit. That is when people get 
>confused. But once we know the basics, it should 
>be clear.
>At least that is how I undertstand. Thanks for the sites. Those are great.
>Barua
>
>
>----- Original Message -----
>From: <mailto:absarangapani at hotmail.com>Alpana B. Sarangapani
>To: 
><mailto:barua25 at hotmail.com>barua25 at hotmail.com 
>; <mailto:assamrs at gmail.com>assamrs at gmail.com
>Cc: 
><mailto:assam at assamnet.org>assam at assamnet.org ; 
><mailto:rajen.barua at gmail.com>rajen.barua at gmail.com 
>; 
><mailto:texamese at yahoogroups.com>texamese at yahoogroups.com
>Sent: Friday, March 10, 2006 3:55 PM
>Subject: Re: [Assam] Asom or Oxom, phonetically speaking
>
>Barua: Thanks for your note.
>
>I might have to get back to you later if these 
>simple sites are not convincing. In simple 
>words, Sanskrit was too hard for the commoners, 
>so they had to use some 'aprabhramsha'(?) - 
>words in simpler form were created which in turn 
>became 'Prakrits' - meaning actual words instead 
>of them being abstract.  But the origin of these 
>still came from Sanskrit.
>
>There is a new school of philosophy comprised 
>of different researcheres, who believe that the 
>'Prakrits' are as original as Sanskrit, to which 
>like many traditional thinkers (who have 
>provided enough evidences), I don't apparently 
>:) belong.
>
>Please refere to this web site: 
>http://www.fact-index.com/s/sa/sanskrit.html, where 
>it says "Sanskrit is also the ancestor of the 
>prakrit languages of India."
>
>Also this: 
><http://www.fact-index.com/p/pr/prakrit.html>http://www.fact-index.com/p/pr/prakrit.html., - 
>it says: "We might say that the Prakrits are to 
>Sanskrit as 
><http://www.fact-index.com/v/vu/vulgar_latin.html>Vulgar 
>Latin and the 
><http://www.fact-index.com/r/ro/romance_languages.html>Romance 
>languages are to Classical 
><http://www.fact-index.com/l/la/latin.html>Latin."
>
>
>From: "Rajen Barua" <barua25 at hotmail.com>
>To: "Rajen Barua" <barua25 at hotmail.com>,"Alpana 
>B. Sarangapani" 
><absarangapani at hotmail.com>,<assamrs at gmail.com>
>CC: <assam at assamnet.org>,<rajen.barua at gmail.com>,<texamese at yahoogroups.com>
>Subject: Re: [Assam] Asom or Oxom, phonetically speaking
>Date: Fri, 10 Mar 2006 09:52:33 -0600
>
>Alpana:
>I hope you could see and clarify the point I was 
>making. Modern Indian languages did not come 
>through Sanskrit. These came through the 
>Pakrits. Sanskrit remained fixed in time as a 
>written language because people stopped speaking 
>it on the street.  It is only in modern times 
>that these Indian languages are using Sanskrit 
>as a rich source of old words which were 
>retained by Sanskrit. Thus when I say Sanskrit 
>is a dead language I did not say that in a 
>derogatory sense. A language is called dead, ie 
>not living, when nobody claim that language as a 
>mother tongue. No mother speaks in Sanskrit to 
>her child today. That is it. Otherwise, yes, 
>there is a huge literature in Sanskrit not to 
>speak of huge Hindu scriptures (which is however 
>in Vedic Sanskrit language). I have also heard 
>there some Sanskrit speaking clubs.  I wrote 
>this because I got the impression that you may 
>be thinking I am writing against the Sanskrit 
>language itself. That is far from it. I love 
>Sanskrit. I think you have seen the following 
>tribute to the Sanskrit language by Sir William 
>Jones:
>
>"The Sanskrit language, whatever be its 
>antiquity, is of wonderful structure; more 
>perfect than the Greek, more copious than the 
>Latin, and more exquisitely refined than either, 
>yet bearing to both of them a stronger affinity, 
>both in the roots of verbs and in the forms of 
>grammar, than could not possibly have been 
>produced by accident; so strong indeed, that no 
>philologer could examine them all three, without 
>believing them to have sprung from some common 
>source which, perhaps, no longer exists; there 
>is a similar reason, though not quite so 
>forcible, for supposing that both the Gothic and 
>the Celtic, though blended with a very different 
>idiom, had the same origin with the Sanskrit; 
>and the old Persian might be added to the same 
>family..."
>
>But my point is let not this beautiful language 
>try to change our simple Assamese language from 
>the top because that will create a huge gap what 
>people are speaking on the street and what is 
>being written by the scholars. A language should 
>develop and flow from and by the people on the 
>street. If Assamese are to loose the X sound 
>tomorrow, let the people on the street loose it, 
>but not because some Sanskrit lover Assamese 
>scholars are Sanskritising the Assamese language 
>from the top.  Xongkordev was a great Sanskrit 
>scholar, but he chose to write in 
>Assamese-Brojawoli and he did it without any 
>influence from Sanskrit.  Probaly you know that 
>he was the first to use the word OXOM in the 
>Kirton.
>That is my point.
>
>Barua
>
>
>----- Original Message -----
>
>From: <mailto:barua25 at hotmail.com>Rajen Barua
>To: <mailto:absarangapani at hotmail.com>Alpana B. 
>Sarangapani ; 
><mailto:assamrs at gmail.com>assamrs at gmail.com
>Cc: 
><mailto:assam at assamnet.org>assam at assamnet.org ; 
><mailto:rajen.barua at gmail.com>rajen.barua at gmail.com 
>; 
><mailto:texamese at yahoogroups.com>texamese at yahoogroups.com
>Sent: Wednesday, March 08, 2006 1:19 PM
>Subject: Re: [Assam] Asom or Oxom, phonetically speaking
>
>  >They had to come through Sanskrit  (panini's grammar 600-650 B.C.).
>
>Alpana:
>No. This is not correct. Please read that chart 
>again. The Sanskrit (Panini's grammar 600-650BC) 
>is actually shown as a dead end. The languages 
>are actually coming from the other branch (where 
>Sanskrit is not there) the old Prakits : 
>Sauraseni, Prachya etc and ultimately Magdhi, 
>Rajasthani, etc.
>Please read the chart again again and you will 
>see what I am saying. Even than if you have 
>question, I can clarify.
>Thanks for the site.
>Barua
>
>----- Original Message -----
>From: <mailto:absarangapani at hotmail.com>Alpana B. Sarangapani
>To: 
><mailto:barua25 at hotmail.com>barua25 at hotmail.com 
>; <mailto:assamrs at gmail.com>assamrs at gmail.com
>Cc: 
><mailto:texamese at yahoogroups.com>texamese at yahoogroups.com 
>; 
><mailto:rajen.barua at gmail.com>rajen.barua at gmail.com 
>; <mailto:assam at assamnet.org>assam at assamnet.org
>Sent: Wednesday, March 08, 2006 11:21 AM
>Subject: Re: [Assam] Asom or Oxom, phonetically speaking
>
>  >history of the Indian languages carefully. It 
>is tricky. Sanskrit, by definition, is a 
>dead >language, which means it ended in itself. 
>As such none of the Indian >regional languages 
>are derived from Sanskrit.  None. Assamese, 
>Bengali, Oriya and all >the Indo-Aryan languages 
>in India are derived from different Pakrit 
>languages like
>
><http://banglapedia.search.com.bd/HT/B_0137.HTM>http://banglapedia.search.com.bd/HT/B_0137.HTM
>
>Please see the chart in the above web site.
>
>You can say the Indo-Aryan languages came from 
>the  Ancient Prakrit (800 B.C.,  Old/spoken 
>Indo-Aryan) languages, yes. But they did not 
>come directly from there. They were NOT Assamese 
>or Bengali then or the other modern Indian 
>languages that we have now. They had to come 
>through Sanskrit  (panini's grammar 600-650 
>B.C.).
>
>Sanskrit is from 600/650 B.C. and the ancient 
>Prakrit (old spoken Indo-Aryan) is from 800 
>B.C., which is also dead and from which Sanskrit 
>itself came from. They themselves are dead but 
>their descendents are the modern languages.
>
>So the argument:  
>
>  >language, which means it ended in itself. As 
>such none of the Indian >regional languages are 
>derived from Sanskrit.  None. Assamese, Bengali, 
>Oriya and
>
>does not hold any water. One can say Sanskrit 
>itself came from the ancient Prakrit languages 
>(old/spoken Indo-Aryan). But to become the 
>modern Indo-Aryan languages like 
>Assamese, Bengali, Oriya, etc. they had to come 
>through the stages of which Sanskrit was a main 
>one.
>
>Latin has become a dead language, but isn't it a 
>fact that the modern Indo-European languages are 
>descended from it??
>
>Both Latin and Sanskrit are dead languages but are still alive in new forms.
>
>Disclaimer: >From a non- expert (on languages, 
>in this case) who trys to dig up and put forward 
>vaild arguments against something that sounds 
>outrageous sometimes, but is always open to 
>accept counterarguments.  :-)
>
>
>
>
>From: "Rajen Barua" <barua25 at hotmail.com>
>To: "Ram Sarangapani" <assamrs at gmail.com>
>CC: texamese at yahoogroups.com, rajen.barua at gmail.com, assam at assamnet.org
>Subject: Re: [Assam] Asom or Oxom, phonetically speaking
>Date: Tue, 7 Mar 2006 12:46:06 -0600
>
>Ram:
>Thanks for the site. It is great.
>Regarding Assamese and other languages coming 
>from Sanskrit, please read the history of the 
>Indian languages carefully. It is tricky. 
>Sanskrit, by definition, is a dead language, 
>which means it ended in itself. As such none of 
>the Indian regional languages are derived from 
>Sanskrit.  None. Assamese, Bengali, Oriya and 
>all the Indo-Aryan languages in India are 
>derived from different Pakrit languages like 
>Magadhi, Sauraseni, etc. Now these Pakrit 
>languages are derived from some Vedic and pre 
>Vedic languages. Sanskrit itself was one 
>language which was derived from some pre Vedic 
>language. However, Panini standardized Sanskrit 
>and made many changes phonetically (we lost X 
>sound) and grammatically.  However due to 
>Panini's strict rules, Sanskrit remained as a 
>fixed written language, fixed in time forever. 
>That is why it is called a dead language.
>
>From above, it should be very clear that 
>Sanskrit cannot be the mother language on any of 
>the Indo Aryan languages: Assamese, Bengali, 
>Gujarati, Marthi etc. Sanskrit can be strictly 
>speaking a cousin language.
>
>But if a dead language can have power, it is 
>Sanskrit which have been influencing the Indians 
>greatly.  Many educated Indians (I mean 
>scholars) make the mistake again and again. How 
>many times you will hear Indians stating that 
>all Indian languages are derived from Sanskrit 
>etc. Technically this is not correct. Please. 
>Sanskrit is dead.
>
>If we consider, Panini's time (6th/7th century 
>BC, Panini was from Afghanistan-Kandahar) to be 
>the time of Sanskrit the way we see it today, 
>Assamese language is much older than that. 
>Historically it is my argument that the Assamese 
>XO sound was there in Assamese since 3000 BC 
>when Narakaxur (contemporary to Rama and Sita) 
>established the first Aryan-Axur kingdom in 
>Pragjyotishpur.  (Otherwise historically it 
>cannot get into Assamese later). If you read 
>Kaliram Medhi, Dimbeswar Neog and others, you 
>will find that Assamese language has still 
>retained, besides the XO sound many characterisc 
>of old Indo-European language like Persian etc 
>which were lost in Sanskrit and others. With all 
>these data, one can in fact make a convincing 
>argument that Assamese is older than Sanskrit, a 
>point made by Medhi and Neog. Assamese still has 
>many pre Vedic words which were lost in Sanskrit.
>
>(When you read Banikanta Kakaoty, please read 
>with caution. Being a student of Dr Suniti Kumar 
>Chatterjee, he did not contradict anything of 
>his master. Compared to him, I think Neog, Medhi 
>and Bharali are much more original Assamese 
>scholars.)
>
>The bottom line is, even Bani Kanta Kanoty has 
>never stated that Assamese originated from 
>Sanskrit. If he did, read his wording again, 
>because he cannot mean that. But if you find any 
>reference, I would like to see, and would 
>appreciate if you would forward these.
>
>As you can see, in Assam there is hardly any 
>scholars left today. Have you seen any 
>leadership role being played by Oxom Xahityo 
>Xobha?  The one genuine scholar left in Assam, 
>Dr Golok Ch Goswami is probably so frustrated 
>that he decided not to speak in such mundane 
>latters. But what I am saying, he supports me 
>specially regarding the X sound and the use of W 
>for W-kar in Roman script.
>
>Another point is that Assamese has only one O 
>and one Ah. Hindi and Sanskrit have A=Horso Ah, 
>then AA=Dirgho Ah.  So when they write A, the 
>sound is always short Ah like U=Up. Assamese say 
>Onil, in Hindi they say Anil with Ah.  All the 
>Assamese names like Anjana, Ajanta, Archana, 
>Anil etc, in Assamese we pronounce with O.  But 
>the same words are pronounced with Ah by the 
>mainland Indians in Hindi, Sanskrit.  That is 
>why when we write Asom, an Assamese might 
>pronounce Osom, but Hindi and Sanskrit will 
>pronounce Usom. See the spelling of the word 
>Dalda in Hindi. It is written as Dolda but 
>pronounced as Dalda.
>
>All these are happening because (litikai) 
>Assamese are trying to follow the Hindi, 
>Sanskrit group blindly without real that 
>Assamese language is a much more simpler 
>language like Pail, and that it has its separate 
>originality and beauty.
>
>We need to retain the lost originality of the 
>Assamese language. We need to stand up and say, 
>we no longer follow you mainland India blindly. 
>We have our originality which we need to retain.
>
>  Anyhow these are is my points.  I hope I am not confusing you.
>
>Rajen Barua.
>
>
>
>
>----- Original Message -----
>From: <mailto:assamrs at gmail.com>Ram Sarangapani
>To: <mailto:barua25 at hotmail.com>Rajen Barua
>Cc: 
><mailto:assam at assamnet.org>assam at assamnet.org ; 
><mailto:cmahanta at charter.net>Chan Mahanta ; 
><mailto:rajen.barua at gmail.com>rajen.barua at gmail.com 
>; 
><mailto:texamese at yahoogroups.com>texamese at yahoogroups.com
>Sent: Tuesday, March 07, 2006 11:39 AM
>Subject: Re: [Assam] Asom or Oxom, phonetically speaking
>
>Hi Barua,
>
>I am glad the Statesman publised your article. 
>It is quite informative and one can lear a lot. 
>But reading the papers and letters to the 
>editor, one gets the inpression, ASOM is here to 
>stay and the GOA is backing it up.
>
>While browsing, I did come across several 
>references to Assamese as derivative of Sanskrit 
>(you of course do not agree with this). Some of 
>the sources refered to Bani Kanta Kakati, Hemkox 
>etc.
>I can send you some of these if I come across 
>them. I don't know how authentic they are.
>BTW: Here is a link that may interest you and 
>others regarding the "voiceless velar fricative "
>The link is very interesting and refers to 
>Assamese also. Interestingly, it seems the 
>English language sometimes also uses the 
>voiceless velar fricative.
>Here is the link.
><http://www.answers.com/topic/voiceless-velar-fricative>http://www.answers.com/topic/voiceless-velar-fricative
>
>Hope it is useful to you.
>
>--Ram
>
>
>
>On 3/7/06, Rajen Barua 
><<mailto:barua25 at hotmail.com>barua25 at hotmail.com> 
>wrote:
>
>Thanks.
>The Statesman, Kolkata has already published it. 
>A friend from Kolkata sent it to me.
>We will have to keep on fighting.
>"Amar Oxom"  Editor Dr Nagen Saikia, Ex Oxom 
>Xahityo Xobha President, is preparing to publish 
>my article in Assamese and contunue the debate.
>I think this is an issue for Assamese lifeline.
>Many have not seen it as such yet.
>Let us see.
>Thanks for your support.
>Rajen
>
>----- Original Message -----
>From: <mailto:cmahanta at charter.net>Chan Mahanta
>To: <mailto:barua25 at hotmail.com>Rajen Barua ; 
><mailto:assam at assamnet.org>assam at assamnet.org
>Cc: <mailto:rajen.barua at gmail.com>rajen.barua at gmail.com
>Sent: Tuesday, March 07, 2006 9:04 AM
>Subject: Re: [Assam] Asom or Oxom, phonetically speaking
>
>
>Good  note Rajen. Hope they publish it.
>
>
>c
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>At 8:33 AM -0600 3/7/06, Rajen Barua wrote:
>
>>Letters to the editor
>>
>THE STATESMAN, KOLKATA 4 March 2006
>
>Asom or Oxom, phonetically speaking
>
>Sir, — I am writing this letter with reference 
>to a decision by the Assam government to change 
>the name of the state to Asom. This is a wrong 
>decision for certain reasons. Asom is a 
>Sanskritised spelling and not an Assamese 
>spelling. The proper Assamese spelling in the 
>Roman script should be Oxom. The Assamese 
>gutteral kh sound is a well-recognised velar 
>fricative, and is also found among other 
>languages including Greek and Russian. The 
>International Phonetic Association has 
>designated the Greek letter, 'X', for this 
>Assamese sound. This sound is not represented by 
>the letter, 'S', as written in the word Asom. As 
>such it is 'X' and not 'S' that should be used. 
>Again, the first letter should be 'O' and not 
>'A'.
>The letter 'A' is used in Sanskrit and Hindi 
>where they have two 'A's. In Assamese we have 
>only one 'A'. The correct vowel for the Assamese 
>pronunciation should be 'O'. The Assam 
>government by taking a decision to use the 
>Sanskritised form of spelling — Asom instead of 
>Oxom — is trying to kill the proper Assamese 
>ethnic sound 'XO'. This will be a great letdown 
>for the entire Assamese people, and we request 
>the Assam government not to meddle with the 
>Assamese language. If it has to change the name, 
>it should adopt the correct spelling, i.e. Oxom.
>— Yours, etc., Rajen Barua,
>Katy (Texas), USA, 4 March.
>
>
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