[Assam] Acute inferiorty complex IC

Sun Mar 12 16:07:13 PST 2006

Dear Ramda

Long logn ago we had a beautiful 's/xonar A/xom' as shown in the logo 
of AASU. Now we have a 'banana shaped' area. But while you guys were
there backhome, and we were growing up 9 districts in an contiguous
area with B'desh has been swarmed by Lungeewallas. Bodos has carved
out a BTAD with 4 districts on the North West side of the banana
state, where kharkhowas will get a good 'pitai' if they say thats
their area. Same is the case with Karbi Anglong. Another long strip
starting from Gohpur to Jonai has been given to Mising Autonomous
Council, where "Mipaks' are hated. More areas will be carved out to
Rabhas, Tiwas, Dewris in their Autonomous Councils. In near furture
Tai-Ahoms, Chutiyas, Koch Rajbongshis, Tea Tribes will demand such ACs
and politicians will happily concede..... I don't think 'Asom' will eb
left with any meaningful area. It will remain only in the Assamnet.

Vive L'Axom.

On 3/13/06, Ram Sarangapani <assamrs at gmail.com> wrote:
> Hi C'da,
>
> At the risk of violating exclusivity rights as claimed by some, I will
> attempt to answer your questions.
>
> >*** Your argument does not hold any water because you ignore CONTEXT. The
> context of these discussions and debates have been Assam's >attempts at
> preserving its unique ethnic, cultural and linguistic traditions and
> asserting them to stave off an invasion by Indian --read Hindi/Hindu >--
> forces
> Preserving Assam's unique language, culture, linguistic traditions are
> great, but I hope that responsibility has NOT ONLY been bestowed on a few
> select people, who are claiming that "There is an Indian Invasion".
>
> What about those who DON'T think that way? Are they NOT people who are
> thinking of "Preserving Assam's unique language, culture, linguistic
> traditions "?
>
> Are they to be marginalized and ignored just because some NRAs thought
> Assamese has not come from Sanskrit?
> >I know Himen-da, Alpana, yourself and others would like to suggest it is
> B'deshi immigrants and not Indian influences
>
> Don't know what others think. IMHO, B'deshi illegal influx is a bigger
> threat to the very existence of Assam. You and others may not choose to
> believe so, and may think the bigger threat is INDIA. But its a different
> topic altogether.
>
> Of course Indian (mainland???) does have an influence on Assam, its culture
> etc. I don't deny that. I am not even sure is its good or bad. Assuming its
> all bad, what is your solution? As long as Assam remains a part of India,
> and as long as many Assamese watch Indian movies, tuned to songs, dances
> from the yonder, I don't see how you are going to solve that. Once Assam
> become free, maybe, it could be thought along those lines.
>
> Lastly, I do believe that when one starts claiming  things like "Assamese
> people have inferiority complex because they choose to Sanskritize  ----
> blah, blah" its just flabbergasting.  I don't understand what IC has to do
> with any of this.
> Suddenly Assamnet is full of psychologists, socialogists and lingusitic
> experts who know exactly why, how and where the language development should
> go.
>
> As for simple me, I am not hung up on X, S or whether Sanskrit came from
> Assamese or the other way around, or not at all. I don't claim or give an
> impression that  I am the resident expert here by any means.
> But those who do so, need to be aware that they would need to defend their
> arguments more ardently, be less sensitive, and these can well come an from
> ignoramus like me and not perceive as threats.
>
> If the Assamnet is a an open forum, then people ought not to have problems
> with anyone with opposing views. I take a very dim view of those who cloak
> their frustrations (inability to respond to tough questions) by finding some
> other excuse. If the net is NOT open, then as I said before, this ain't the
> place for me.
>
> --Ram
>
>
>
>
> On 3/12/06, Chan Mahanta <cmahanta at charter.net> wrote:
> >
> >  Hi Ram:
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > At 11:56 AM -0600 3/11/06, Ram Sarangapani wrote:
> >
> > C'da,
> >
> >
> >
> > I am surprised!
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >  *** Why am I not :-)?
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > >One could also argue (quite effectively) that trying to do just the
> > opposite is because of >one's own inferiority complex and insecurity.
> >
> >
> >  *** Your argument does not hold any water because you ignore CONTEXT. The
> > context of these discussions and debates have been Assam's attempts at
> > preserving its unique ethnic, cultural and linguistic traditions and
> > asserting them to stave off an invasion by Indian --read Hindi/Hindu --
> > forces.
> >
> >
> > If I read correctly, Himen-da too is an advocate of promoting and
> > preserving Assam's ethnic, cultural and linguistic traditions, but hotly
> > disputes the fear of Indian domination and subjugation, just as you and
> > Alpana and others do. In fact Himen-da goes to ridiculous lengths to imply
> > that Assam is India's 'poitrik xompotti' ( ancestral property). But there
> is
> > a dichotomy here:* One cannot tout a need for preserving and asserting
> > those Oxomiya ethnic, cultural and linguistic traditions, unless there is
> a
> > threat for it from somewhere.* I know Himen-da, Alpana, yourself and
> > others would like to suggest it is B'deshi immigrants and not Indian
> > influences, whether intentional ( as in the GoI policy of Indianization)
> or
> > a fallout of commercial invasion or immigration from other states of
> people
> > with power, economic as well as governmental. You would argue 'how can
> there
> > be a threat from India ?' since Assam is a part of India, and Himen-da
> will
> > assert 'Assam is India--and India is Assam'.  But to anyone who is even
> > minimally informed of the realities  know that these are highly
> unpersuasive
> > stances. These are  attempts to have it both ways - be it intentional or
> > accidental ( result of not thinking  thru the factors carefully enough).
> >
> >
> > Therefore, under the context, a need to Sanskritize Oxomiya words and
> > phrases
> > before transliterating them in Roman script can very well be read or
> > interpreted as an attempt to assert India's ancient rights over Assam, one
> > of its defining characteristics, its language, having been given by
> Indians
> > ( Sanskrit).
> >
> >
> > And IF a case of the existence of national Oxomiya INFERIORITY COMPLEX can
> > be made, as Himen-da agrees and you do just like Rajen argues, then this
> > need to Sanskritize Oxomiya words indicates an IC on the part of the
> > perpetrators as well.
> >
> >
> > Above I qualify the IC issue with an IF, because, even though Rajen makes
> > a good case and I agree with some of it, it is a far more complex issue
> and
> > I don't buy the idea of an Oxomiya IC as the CAUSE of Assam's condition,
> as
> > is often IMPLIED here in these debates by those who would place all blame
> > for Assam's condition on its feet -- as if it is all Assam's own damn
> fault
> > --, and give Indian colonialism a free pass; as an argument to DENY
> > legitimacy to Assam's independence aspirations.
> >
> >
> > c-da :-)
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > PS to Alpana:
> >
> >
> > I write 'Sanskrit' because that is what the widely accepted form
> > transliterating
> > it in English is. It is NOT an Oxomiya word.
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > >Himenda's attempts to Sanskritize Oxomiya words and phrases, demonstrates
> > his own insecurity and inferiority >complex as an Oxomiya -- driving him
> to
> > Sanskritized versions of words and phrases. He even writes 'desh', as in
> > >deshotkoi'.
> >
> >
> >
> > One could also argue (quite effectively) that trying to do just the
> > opposite is because of one's own inferiority complex and insecurity.
> >
> >
> >
> > If Assamese is being Sankritized,  would that be a scary scenario for
> > some? If so, why are they scared? Don't they have the confidence that the
> > language is and always has been strong from these onslaughts?
> >
> >
> >
> > Look at English. One of the reasons its so popular is because it borrows
> > heavily from many languages (many Indian ones included), and the language
> is
> > ever evolving with inclusions of even words from American rap music.
> >
> > So, the question is: Are Americans or the English have doubts that their
> > language will be diluted because the English language resorts to
> constantly
> > borrowing from Non Anglo-Saxon/Greek/Lantin languages?
> >
> >
> >
> > My whole take on this is: Its fine for any language to borrow unique ways
> > of writing some words from other languages - that only makes the language
> > richer and becomes inclusive. The option of writing a word like Dex in
> other
> > forms (des or desh) might indicate that the language is not just inclusive
> > but also has several "accepatble" ways of writing certain words. Isn't
> that
> > more welcoming to others.
> >
> >
> >
> > I am no expert in these matters, and could be totally off base - but these
> > are my thoughts for the moment and am willing to change them if I could be
> > convinced. AKN should really weigh in this.
> >
> >
> > --Ram
> >
> >
> > On 3/11/06,* Chan Mahanta* <cmahanta at charter.net> wrote:
> >
> > Very well said Rajen.
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > BTW, I think the personal statement in his e-mails, Priyankoo's
> > imagination of 'dex', country--as little more than an idea--'dharona', the
> > last part of an address; is poetic and beautiful, as opposed to the
> commonly
> > used ones as "mother" for example.
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > Himenda's attempts to Sanskritize Oxomiya words and phrases, demonstrates
> > his own insecurity and inferiority complex as an Oxomiya -- driving him to
> > Sanskritized versions of words and phrases. He even writes 'desh', as in
> > deshotkoi'. Did Lasit Borphukan speak Sanskrit?
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > I know you said as much. I just wanted to make it clear,lest it is missed;
> > even though it is kind of cruel.
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > I have some thoughts about the context in which he supposedly uttered the
> > purported quote 'dexotokoi mwmai dangor nohoy', which when I aired last
> time
> > in assamnet several years back, drew howls of protest from Oxomiyas who
> > accepted the act as one of 'heroism'. Will take that up again when I get a
> > little time. In the meantime, those with tender sensitivities may consider
> > bracing themselves for another round of assaults to their psyches. I am
> > giving fair warning!
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > c :-)
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > At 10:16 AM -0600 3/11/06, Barua25 wrote:
> >
> > Dear Himen-da:
> >
> >  Thanks for your note.
> >
> > Regarding Assamese having an 'inferiority complex' (written as IC
> > henceforth) I have been saying this for decades now. This is something one
> > can only feel or realize seeing the day to day actions of the Assamese
> > people as a group on national or international level. First we will have
> to
> > 'recognize the fact that we have this IC. >From my side I can write a
> essay
> > citing examples of Assamese IC. Now some people may not like to agree with
> > me. To them I will simply ask to either counter my arguments or give me
> some
> > examples whereby we can say that Assamese are not suffering from IC.
> > However, I don't exactly understand when you say we need to discuss this
> in
> > the net. What we can achieve by discussing this in the net? And I think we
> > have discussed this issue many times in the net.  This is something we can
> > remove by our leaders first by getting rid of this 'IC' themselves and
> then
> > educating the people by their actions. (*Please note that we use the net
> > not to solve problems but just to use it as a 'sounding borad' to test our
> > idea's. From that angle the net is a very cruel sounding borad. It will
> hit
> > one back and may hurt if the idea is not sound or true.)*
> >
> >
> >
> > Regarding the slogan *"deshatkoi momai dangar nohoi"**  * I would not like
> > to equate this unnecessarily with Krishna's killing Bhishma simply because
> > it will not serve any purpose unless of course one is trying to make poor
> > Lasit an Assamese Krishna.  I think we should not try to defend or justify
> > Lasit more than what he did. Let us leave it a historical fact and let us
> > try to utilize this fact to the advantage of the future of the Assamese.
> > (BTW please note that we try to write ethnic Assamese phonetics in Roman
> > script in the net as opposed to your Sanskritised transliteration writing.
> > So we would write the phrase more like  * 'dexotkoi mwmai dangor nohoy'*.
> > May explain details later. )
> >
> >
> >
> > Regarding your other  slogan* "desh matho eta dharana, thikanar shesh
> > shari",* all I can say is that so far I know this is a personal statement
> > (a philosophical quote one may say) being used by Priyanku Sarma in the
> net.
> > Here again please note that Priyanku used the correct Assamese ethnic
> > spelling as :* Dex matho eta dharona, thikonar xex xari...,* and not what
> > you spelled above. (Thank you Priyanku). Probably if there is anything
> more
> > to its meaning, Priyanku can respond.
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > Now coming to the meaning of the word 'dharona ', I think you are trying
> > too hard to find the meaning in Sanskrit grammar book. Please note that
> this
> > is a simple Assamese word, and many a times, the same word may mean
> slightly
> > different in Sanskrit than in Assamese. We should try to use the Assamese
> > meaning. From that point, 'dharona' is a simple Assamese word,
> meaning'conception' or 'idea' or 'comment'etc. The meaning is clear when we
> say the Assamese sentence
> > * "Ei ghotonatw xomporke twmar ki dharona baru?"* Some netters like Alpana
> > and others probably may give you better sentence using the Assamese
> word*'dharona'
> > * .  Anyhow the full meaning of the Priyanku's quote will be :* A country
> > is nothing an idea which is only required to use as a last phrase in one's
> > address.*   In fact I like this poetic (Omor Khyam type) quote, and I can
> > write volumes in support of this poetic or philosophical statement.
> >
> >
> >
> > Hope this will make some clarifications. More later.
> >
> > Thanks
> >
> > Rajen
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > ----- Original Message -----
> >
> > *From:* Himendra Thakur <hthakur at comcast.net>
> >
> > *To:* Barua25 <barua25 at hotmail.com>
> >
> > *Cc:* Manoj Das <dasmk2k at gmail.com> ; J Kalita <jugalkalita at yahoo.com> ;
> Indrajit
> > Barua <ibarua at yahoo.com> ; hthakur at comcast.net ; Ginima
> Barua<shivadoul at yahoo.com>; Dilip/Dil
> > Deka <dilipdeka at yahoo.com> ; Alpana B.
> Sarangapani<absarangapani at hotmail.com>;
> > assam at assamnet.org
> >
> > *Sent:* Saturday, March 11, 2006 8:32 AM
> >
> > *Subject:* Acute inferiorty complex
> >
> >
> > Dear Rajen,
> >
> >
> >
> > Thanks for your letter. The points that you have raised in this letter
> > should definitely be discussed in the net.
> >
> >
> >
> > *But, I think what you so correctly said on March 5, 2006 "**Assamese are
> > already suffering from acute inferiorty complex"**    should be given to
> > PRIORITY in the discussion in the assam-net.*
> >
> >
> >
> > I congratulate you for pointing out this terrible thing "inferiorty
> > complex" and most earnestly request you to run a discussion on this point
> > in the net. I am trying to start this discussion by quoting
> Lachit's*"deshatkoi momai dangar nohoi"
> > * (My uncle is not greater than my country)".
> >
> >
> >
> > The slogan* "deshatkoi momai dangar nohoi"* (My uncle is not greater than
> > my country)" is actually a re-statement of what Lord Shrikrishna stated in
> > Bhagavadgita. Killing of grand-uncle Bhishma at the "Declared Battle of
> > Kurukshetra"  was justified by Lord Shrikrishna to establish
> righteousness.
> > The word "righteousness" is the translation of the word "dharma" of the
> > verses 7&8 Chapter 4 of Bhagavadgita.
> >
> >
> >
> > When Lachit said* "deshatkoi momai dangar nohoi"* (My uncle is not greater
> > than my country)", he was using the word* "desha"* to mean a Motherland
> > whose defense was our righteous right. What Lachit said at the spur of the
> > moment appears like a "slogan" to us. This may give some answer to the
> > objection of Jugal Kalita [I apologize if I misunderstood him] about
> > slogans.
> >
> >
> >
> > Another slogan is floating in the net* "desh matho eta dharana, thikanar
> > shesh shari"* --- I am finding it difficult to translate this into English
> > because the meaning of the word "* dharana"* is not clear to me. I see "*
> > dharana*" as the sixth step of Patanjali's Ashtanga Yoga: (1) Yama,
> > (2)Niyama, (3) Asana,  (4) Pranayama, (5) Pratyahara, (6)Dharana, (7)
> > Dhyana, and  (8) Samadhi.
> >
> >
> >
> > The propounder of the slogan* "desh matho eta dharana, thikanar shesh
> > shari"* should give the meaning of the word* "dharana"*and explain
> why*"dharana"
> > * has been equated with* "desha".* Correct me if I am wrong, I think the
> > slogans like  *"desh matho eta dharana, thikanar shesh shari"* are
> > generating the* acute inferiorty complex"**  *that you pointed out.
> >
> >
> >
> > The propounder & supporters of the slogan* "desh matho eta dharana,
> > thikanar shesh shari"*  should come forward to compare it with
> Lachit's*"deshatkoi momai dangar nohoi".
> > *
> >
> >
> >
> > In my opinion, Lachit's* "deshatkoi momai dangar nohoi"* will expel
> theacute inferiorty complex --- a new, unwanted twist of Assamese mind ---
> that you so correctly pointed
> > out.
> >
> >
> >
> > With the best wishes,
> >
> > Himendra
> >
> >
> >
> > ----- Original Message -----
> >
> >
> > *From:* Barua25 <barua25 at hotmail.com>
> >
> > *To:* Himendra Thakur <hthakur at comcast.net>
> >
> > *Cc:* hthakur at comcast.net ; Ram Sarangapani <assamrs at gmail.com> ; Manoj
> > Das <dasmk2k at gmail.com> ; assam at assamnet.org
> >
> > *Sent:* Thursday, March 09, 2006 10:52 PM
> >
> > *Subject:* Re: deshatkoi momai dangar nohoi
> >
> >
> > Dear Himenda:
> >
> > Thanks for your response. Glad to know that the book was a part of your
> > course.
> >
> > Regarding the historical data of the story, I think you need to have some
> > back up. Because it is such a horrifying story, it may give the people a
> > completely different picture about Islam. The actual reality however may
> be
> > quite different. The reason I am saying this is because there is also a
> > opposite side of the story. According to one theory, the religion that
> > suffered most during the Islamic invasion was mainly Buddhism. Buddhism
> was
> > an organised religion without any defense which was completely wiped out.
> > Hinduism survived under the caste system. Many Brhamins helped and aided
> the
> > Islamic rulers in the destruction of Buddhism. Many Buddhist temples
> > overnite become Shiva temples etc. Also  the theory says that there was
> > actually no forced conversion at all from Hindus to Islam. That is why one
> > donot find any high caste Hindus being Muslim. All that conversion that
> > happened were the low caste Hindus and they converted themselves to Islam
> > mainly because of the equality that they gained under Islam and to avoid
> the
> > exploitation from upper caste Hindus.  Today one finds the whole of
> > Bangladesh a Islamic country which were at one time wholly a Buddhist
> > country. There were hardly any Brahmin or any high caste Hindus in
> > Bagladesh. In fact the exploited downtrodden Hindus were taking shelters
> > from exploitation from Hindus upper caste in those three shelter
> religions:
> > namely Buddhism, Islam and Christianity.
> >
> >
> >
> > On the other hand I have heard story of enmass village conversion to Islam
> > not by force from Islam but due to rejection from the Hindus. There story
> > appeared in Prantik magazine in Assam, a Brahmin village in Assam was
> > converted to Islam because somebody has thrown beef in the village well,
> and
> > Hindus have refused to accept the village back as Hindus. The village
> > finally had to take to Islam, The Sharmas started to write Ahmed overnite
> > etc.
> >
> >
> >
> > So there may be many sides of the coin, and one need to be careful in
> > making any general statement before checking the facts.
> >
> > Thanks
> >
> > Rajen
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > ----- Original Message -----
> >
> > *From:* Himendra Thakur <hthakur at comcast.net>
> >
> > *To:* Rajen Barua <barua25 at hotmail.com>
> >
> > *Cc:* hthakur at comcast.net ; Ram Sarangapani <assamrs at gmail.com> ; Manoj
> > Das <dasmk2k at gmail.com> ; assam at assamnet.org
> >
> > *Sent:* Thursday, March 09, 2006 6:28 PM
> >
> > *Subject:* deshatkoi momai dangar nohoi
> >
> >
> > Dear Rajen,
> >
> >
> >
> > Sorry for the delay in replying !
> >
> >
> >
> > The statement that you referred in your letter below came up in a panel
> > discussion in 1989 at Harvard University where the manuscript of my book
> > "Don't Burn My Mother!" was discussed in a movie script-writing course.
> (By
> > the way, I got an A in that course ! My added benefit was that I got to
> see
> > a number of classic movies with commentaries & discussions  at the Harvard
> > University Movie Club --- those were a few wonderful months for me !)
> >
> >
> >
> > Unfortunately, 17 years later now, I don't remember the name of the
> > history scholar who made that statement. It was my fault that I did not
> > follow it up to find it in historical reference or book or article written
> > by any historians. I'll now dig it up and let you know.
> >
> >
> >
> > Normally, I furnish a word "assumption" before such statements, which you
> > may have noticed in my other writings.*   IF  *   I miss, please let me
> > know, I'll correct immediately ! All historical facts must be supported by
> > cross-reference, according to the principle of historical studies. I
> really
> > apologize for missing the word "assumption" before this statement. I thank
> > you for correcting me.
> >
> >
> >
> > In this connection, I urge the netters to ponder over the ?story? that
> > Lachit beheaded his own uncle for lapse of duty in the Battle of Saraighat
> > and uttered the famous slogan:* "deshatkoi momai dangar nohoi"* (My uncle
> > is not greater than my country) --- this statement was boldly etched at
> the
> > entrance of the Assam Assembly Hall in Shillong when Shillong was the
> > capital of Assam.
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > Now, I have heard that some people have raised serious objection that this
> > statement cannot be accepted as historical truth due to lack of
> > cross-reference. The netters may throw some light on this.
> >
> >
> >
> > Throughout my life, I grew up with Lachit's  *"deshatkoi momai dangar
> > nohoi"* , and it pained me beyond any consolation that I could not include
> > * "deshatkoi momai dangar nohoi"*  in my article ?ATAN BURAGOHAIN SAKO?
> > because some historian would object. However, in spite of all precautions,
> > the idea of ?ATAN BURAGOHAIN SAKO? and the idea of the statue of Swargadev
> > Chakradhwaj Singha were rejected on the grounds that the bridge would
> > encourage garbage dumping, the statue would be a sore thumb, the existing
> > white pillar is  an excellent "ABSTRACT" element, the statue of Swargadev
> > Chakradhwaj Singha  would be ugly, *?what they did in their time is fine
> > --- we need not build any* sako* (bridge) or statue to commemorate
> them?*------ and a hoard of many other "wise" comments.
> >
> >
> >
> > I request the netters to find out the historical truth about Lachit's
> *"deshatkoi
> > momai dangar nahoi"* and advice me if I can include it in a revised
> > version of the article ?ATAN BURAGOHAIN SAKO? .
> >
> >
> >
> > With the best wishes,
> >
> > Himendra
> >
> > ----- Original Message -----
> >
> > *From:* Rajen Barua <barua25 at hotmail.com>
> >
> > *To:* Himendra Thakur <hthakur at comcast.net> ; Shantikam
> Hazarika<shntikamhaz at gmail.com>
> >
> > *Cc:* assam at assamnet.org
> >
> > *Sent:* Thursday, March 09, 2006 10:17 AM
> >
> > *Subject:* invasion of Indo-Gangetic plains by Muslims
> >
> >
> > >On January 29, 2006, I clearly wrote in the net that ?To protect a family
> > during the early period of invasion of Indo-Gangetic plains, if a family
> of
> > had five >brothers, two would take conversion to Islam to protect the
> > remaining three.
> >
> >
> >
> > Dear Himen-da:
> >
> > I just want to ask you one question. Do you have any proof of the above
> > statement?
> >
> > If yes, can you support with any historical reference or book or article
> > written by any historians?
> >
> > I never heard such statement from any quarter. So it is very important
> > that we absolutely find the truth
> >
> > Rajen.
> >
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > assam mailing list
> > assam at assamnet.org
> > http://assamnet.org/mailman/listinfo/assam_assamnet.org
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > assam mailing list
> > assam at assamnet.org
> > http://assamnet.org/mailman/listinfo/assam_assamnet.org
> >
> >
> >
> >
>
>

--
Manoj Kumar Das
B 109 Gr Floor Rear
Sarvodaya Enclave
New Delhi 110017 India
Tel: 91 11 26533824
Telefax: 91 11 26533829
Hand Phone: 91 9312650558