[Assam] About the Name Assam
kamal deka
kjit.deka at gmail.com
Sun Mar 15 05:56:52 PDT 2009
The statement like " I think" can't be accepted as an unwavering truth.The
reference must be intact.Simply put,there is no consensus among
academicians/historians in so far as this issue is concerned.
KJDeka
On Sat, Mar 14, 2009 at 9:16 PM, uttam borthakur <uttamborthakur at yahoo.co.in
> wrote:
> I think a 'real historian' Dr. Jogen Phukan almost led an mass action
> against the change of name to Asom for same or similar reasons.
>
> Uttam Kumar Borthakur
>
>
>
>
> ________________________________
> From: Rajen & Ajanta Barua <barua25 at hotmail.com>
> To: A Mailing list for people interested in Assam from around the world <
> assam at assamnet.org>
> Sent: Saturday, 14 March, 2009 7:45:49 PM
> Subject: Re: [Assam] About the Name Assam
>
>
>
> I will continue to believe that the name Assam was Anglicised until proven
> otherwise--- beyond the shadow of a doubt,of course, by real historians,who
> spent decades studying Assam's history and not by neophyte historians
>
> Dear Kamal Bhaity:
> Thanks for your opinion on my article and stating your 'belief'.
> My article was written not to change yours or anybody's 'belief', but to
> let people see the facts and to think rationally analysing the available
> facts of history. If one does that, one will normally come to the obvious
> conclusion that Assam is not a anglicized word. In your writing also you
> have indicated that. However your problem in still sticking to your old
> belief that Assam is an anglicized word seems to be two:
> 1) You are convinced about the rational argument that Assam, Asam (phonetic
> pronunciation only) is a local word but that you are not yet 100% convinced
> and that you still have some shadow of doubt.
> 2) Your other problem is that you want to see some writing by some "real"
> historians and not to be convinced by writing of of some 'neophyte
> historians" like us. Here what you are saying is that you would have been
> convinced of our arguments had we been "real" historians. I cannot help you
> there. But I take it as a compliment. Because what you are saying is that if
> I would have a PhD degree in history you would have been convinced beyond a
> shadow of doubt that my arguments are correct and the name Assam or Asam is
> not an anglicized word. ( I think I qualify for your other requirement. I
> have spent decades now studying the history of Assam albeit not for any
> degree.)
>
> I can however help you to some extent by submitting the following.
>
> Hope you remember that in 2006, we (some neophyte historians) wrote a
> Petition to the Chief Minister of Assam not to change the name of Assam to
> Asom. The main arguments of the Petition was that 'Assam' is not an
> anglicized word but a word which was rooted in local culture. We sent the
> Petition to many historians, intellectuals and men of letters of Assam for
> their support and signatures. To convince them of our argument, I personally
> took the pain to discuss with many of them and sent them the earlier
> version of my article. You will be happy to know all of them that we have
> approcahed supported our arguments and signed the Petition. These include
> several Ex President of Axam Xahutya Xobha and many notable historians
> including Dr Jogendra Nath Phukan and Dr Sayeeda Yasmin Saikia. It was also
> supported by Dr Bhupen Hazarika, Dr Hiren Gohain and whose signature did not
> appear in the Petition. I present this as their stamp of approval of my
> arguments for
> your information since you are looking for support from "real" historians.
>
> Besides these, there are many "real" historians who have shown that 'Assam'
> or 'Asam" is not a anglicised name. I have cited some in my article. You
> will have read for yourself to see their writing.
>
> I post below the first fefteen signatories to the Petion (the fist three
> being the 'neophyte historians, in your words)
>
> Again, I am not trying to change your belief, but laying the facts for
> rational thinking.
>
> The fist fifteen signatories of the Petition:
>
>
> 1)Rajen & Ajanta Barua, Katy, Texas, USA (Engineer, Writer & Manager)
> 2)Chandan & Dr. Bonti Mahanta, St Louis, MO, USA (Architect & Radiologist)
> 3)Wahid Saleh, Berkel en Rodenrijs, The Netherlands. (Retired IT Manager,
> Community service)
>
> 4)Homen Borgohain, Guwahati, Assam, ((Ex President Axam Xahitya Xabha)
> 5)Dr. Nagen Saikia , Guwahati, Assam (Ex President, Axam Xahitya Xabha)
> 6)Dr.Biren Dutta, Guwahati, Assam, (Ex President Axam Xahitya Xabha)
> 7)Dr. Lakhinandan Bora, Guwahati, Assam , (Ex President Axam Xahitya Xabha)
> 8)Dr. Mamoni Raisom Goswami, Guwahati/Delhi, (Gyanpith Award Winner,
> Novelist, Professor)
> 9)Nagen Baruah, Dibrugarh, Assam (President Ahom Xahitya Xabha)
> 10)Dr. Jogendra Nath Phukan, Guwahati, Assam (Professor of History)
> 11)Sanjoy Hazarika, Guwahati/Delhi, India (Journalist, Author, Social
> Worker)
> 12)Shantikam & Sangita Hazarika, Guwahati, (Founder Director of AIM & Dance
> Teacher)
> 13)Sumanta Chaliha, Guwahati, Assam, (Lexicographer, Author of Assamese
> Dictionaries)
> 14)Dr. Amrit Kr. Baruah, Baltimore, Maryland, USA (Writer, Author,
> Management Consultant)
> 15)Dr. Sayeeda Yasmin Saikia, Chapel Hill, NC, USA (Professor of History,
> Author on Ahom Buronjis)
>
> Rajen & Ajanta Barua
>
>
> From: kamal deka
> Sent: Thursday, March 12, 2009 10:47 PM
> To: A Mailing list for people interested in Assam from around the world
> Subject: Re: [Assam] About the Name Assam
>
>
> I will continue to believe that the name Assam was Anglicised until proven
> otherwise--- beyond the shadow of a doubt,of course, by real historians,who
> spent decades studying Assam's history and not by neophyte historians
>
> In various documents of British East India Company, in their relationships
> with the last few Ahom kings, the name of country was mentioned as Assam.
> After the fall of the Ahom kingdom and the conquest by the British in 1826,
> in the Treaty of Yandabo, "Assam" was used to denote the area under the
> erstwhile Ahoms, and its protectorates .
>
> *Theories on etymology*
>
> Though there exists a consensus on the fact that the name Assam is
> associated with the Ahom kingdom, and the exact etymology of Assam is not
> clear.The ere are a number of theories that address this issue.
>
> *Ha-sam*
>
> According to Amalendu Guha "The Ahom domain of Upper Assam came to be known
> to the Dimasa and other Bodo people as "Ha-Sam" (the land of the Shams or
> Shans) in etheir language. From this the terms 'Asam' and 'Ahom' were
> derived in due course, and the first term came to stand for the expanded
> Ahom klngdom. Under the impact of the Indo-Aryan heritage of the region,
> the
> concept of 'Asam' was further extended to cover the entire area defined as
> 'Kamarupa' in the Kalika-Purana (c 9th-10th centuries). The Ahom statesmen
> and chroniclers wishfully looked forward to the Karatoya as their natural
> western frontier. They also looked upon themselves as the heirs of that
> glory that was ancient Kamarupa by right of conquest, and they long
> cherished infructuously their unfulfilled hopes of expanding up to that
> frontier." [*The Ahom Political System: An Enquiry into the State Formation
> Process in Medieval Assam (1228-1714), Amalendu Guha, Social Scientist,
> Vol.
> 11, No. 12. (Dec., 1983), pp. 3-34.*]
>
>
>
>
> Mahanta <cmahanta at charter.net> wrote:
>
> > Forwarded from: Fwd: [Assam Society] Re: [FriendsofAssamNE]
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
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> >> Date: Thu, 12 Mar 2009 07:50:23 -0500
> >> Subject: [Assam Society] Re: [FriendsofAssamNE] RE: [Assam] About the
> Name
> >> Assam
> >> X-Yahoo-Newman-Property: groups-email-ff-m
> >> Reply-To: AssamSociety at yahoogroups.com
> >>
> >> Wahid:
> >> Thanks. As I have shown in my article, the name 'Asam' or 'Asham' (for
> the
> >> name of the land) was much older than whcih came to be used for the
> name of
> >> the land only in the 17th century. Originally, the word was used in the
> >> Kirton by Sri Xongkordeu for the Ti Ahom people in the 15th century.
> >> According to me, this word (for the people) as used by Xongkordeu, was
> >> originally derived from the word Asahm (for the people written in
> Devanagari
> >> and Urdu skript) by the Moghols. This word later was used for the land
> >> (instead of the people), and a new word Ahom was used for the people.
> Thus
> >> Ahom is also a new word, which is not to found in Ti Ahom Buronjis.
> Please
> >> note that the word Asham was originally used for the people and was
> later
> >> changed to mean the land instead of the people when the Moghols used the
> >> name in correspondence.
> >> Thanks
> >> Rajen
> >>
> >> On Thu, Mar 12, 2009 at 5:13 AM, Wahid Saleh(GM) <<mailto:
> >> wahid.saleh at gmail.com>wahid.saleh at gmail.com> wrote:
> >>
> >> Rajen,
> >>
> >> Thanks for sharing your article " "In your article you mentioned about
> >> Glanius.
> >>
> >>
> >> Till now almost all the historians thought that Glanius went to Assam.
> But
> >> it was not Glanius who went to Assam. It was a Dutch sailor named Frans
> van
> >> der Heiden who had to fight with the army of Mirju Mala. He kept a diary
> >> which was first published in 1675. It is very difficult to find out who
> >> Glanius was. He translated three books from Dutch including the diary of
> >> Frans van der Heiden. The English translation was published in 1682
> (from
> >> UK). In his translation he used first person and nowhere mentioned or
> >> referred to the name of the original author Frans van de Heiden. As most
> of
> >> the historians had access to the English translation only, they took it
> for
> >> granted that Glanius went to Assam. I tried to find out about Glanius
> and
> >> published an article. Here you will get some back ground information. A
> >> mistake did slip in to this version of the article. I misspelt the name
> of
> >> Dr. Surya Kumar Bhuyan as Dr. Surya Kanta Bhuyan.
> >>
> >> It is certain that the name Assam existed before Mirju Mala invaded
> Assam
> >> and before the English came to Assam. Otherwise Frans van der Heiden
> would
> >> not be in a position to write about Assam and Assmers. Different Mughal
> >> historians used the names Assam, Asham, Ascham, Acham and Ásám in their
> >> writings." Asom" with an "o" in between was unknown to them. In
> particular,
> >> the word Assam (Asham) is mentioned in the following publications: Abul
> >> Fazal Allámi in his compilation of Akbarnama, a biographical account of
> >> Akbar (1542 -1605) mentioned "Rajah of Asham".
> >>
> >> The name Assam existed when Frans van der Heiden wrote his diary in
> 1662.
> >> To write about the place and its inhabitants he used the name of the
> State
> >> as it was known at that time to the local people. Otherwise he would not
> >> have used the name.
> >>
> >> So we should start asking the question when was the name of Assam
> changed
> >> to ? In any case it is after 1662.
> >>
> >> Wahid
> >>
> >>
> >> Van: <mailto:FriendsofAssamNE at yahoogroups.com>
> >> FriendsofAssamNE at yahoogroups.com [mailto:<mailto:
> >> FriendsofAssamNE at yahoogroups.com>FriendsofAssamNE at yahoogroups.com]
> Namens
> >> Rajen Barua
> >> Verzonden: maandag 9 maart 2009 13:40
> >> Aan: assamnet
> >> CC: <mailto:FriendsofAssamNE at yahoogroups.com>
> >> FriendsofAssamNE at yahoogroups.com
> >> Onderwerp: [FriendsofAssamNE] RE: [Assam] About the Name Assam
> >>
> >> Friends
> >> Looks like many people still think that Assam is an englished word of
> the
> >> word Oxom. In fact pronounciation Asam (now a days written as Assam) is
> much
> >> older than the Assamese word Oxom which is of later origin. One may read
> my
> >> article attached.
> >> Rajen Barua
> >>
> >>
> >>
> >> Date: Sun, 8 Mar 2009 21:10:59 -0600
> >>> To: <mailto:assam at assamnet.org>assam at assamnet.org
> >>> From: <mailto:cmahanta at charter.net>cmahanta at charter.net
> >>> Subject: Re: [Assam] About the Name Assam
> >>>
> >>> > whereas we know for sure the local people at that time as now
> >>> >called the land "Oxom",
> >>>
> >>>
> >>>
> >>> *** You do?
> >>>
> >>> So much for the certitude of the omniscient!!
> >>>
> >>> Did you know that the Ahom people, by and large, cannot pronounce the
> >>> 'xo' sound and pronounce it as 'ho' or 'kho'?
> >>>
> >>>
> >>>
> >>>
> >>>
> >>>
> ***************************************************************************************************************
> >>>
> >>>
> >>>
> >>>
> >>>
> >>> At 2:02 PM -0700 3/8/09, Dilip and Dil Deka wrote:
> >>> >".......an invention of an European, and thus not credible?" - I am
> >>> >not suggesting that at all. I am not Europhobic. :-)
> >>> >
> >>> >Let's take the British days - the maps and the official records
> >>> >meticulously prepared during that time called "Oxom" as "Assam"
> >>> >whereas we know for sure the local people at that time as now called
> >>> >the land "Oxom", the big difference being the sound of "x" versus
> >>> >"s". What credibility would you give to the authenticity of the name
> >>> >"Assam" used by the British?
> >>> >In the same token, why would I accept "Asam" as written by a Dutch
> >>> >in 17th century as an authentic name? The Dutch, just like the
> >>> >British cannot pronounce "Oxom".
> >>> >If you accept "Asam" as in Dutch map as the original name, when did
> >>> >it change to today's "Oxom" and who changed it?
> >>> >
> >>> >I still say "Assam" is anglicized and "Asam" is Hollandized. Boy!
> >>> >that sounds too much like Hollandaise sauce.
> >>> >I am surprised there was no comment on the rest of my email.
> >>> >Dilip
> >>> >
> >>> >
> >>> >
> >>> >
> >>> >________________________________
> >>> >From: Chan Mahanta <<mailto:cmahanta at charter.net>
> cmahanta at charter.net>
> >>> >To: A Mailing list for people interested in Assam from around the
> >>> >world <<mailto:assam at assamnet.org>assam at assamnet.org>; <mailto:
> >>> adhazarika at yahoo.com>adhazarika at yahoo.com
> >>> >Sent: Sunday, March 8, 2009 4:25:08 PM
> >>> >Subject: Re: [Assam] About the Name Assam
> >>> >
> >>> >
> >>> >> But I wouldn't use these books nor a book written in another
> >>> >>European language (Dutch) to prove that >Assam is an indigenous
> word.
> >>> >
> >>> >
> >>> >*** Why? Are you suggested the Dutch traveller who prepared the map
> >>> where
> >>> >Assam is recorded as "Asam" was likely an invention of an European,
> >>> >and thus not credible?
> >>> >
> >>> >
> >>> >
> >>> >
> >>> >
> >>> >
> >>> >At 12:50 PM -0700 3/8/09, Dilip and Dil Deka wrote:
> >>> >>Kamal,
> >>> >>In today's parlance, you are absolutely correct. The local people
> >>>
> >> > >>call the land "Oxom" and, themselves "Oxomiya". When those words
> >>
> >>> >>are written as "Assam" and "Assamese", it is an attempt to anglicize
> >>> >>the locally used words.
> >>> >>
> >>> >>Now whether Oxom was derived from another word that was local to the
> >>> >>area and non-Sanskrit in its origin is another issue.
> >>> >>As we all know the region (at least the western part) was called
> >>> >>Kamrupa in ancient literature. For the name Kamrupa to change to
> >>> >>Oxom, it is almost impossible. There is no resemblance between the
> >>> >>two words. So the natural assumption would be that the
> >>> >>transformation to Oxom did not happen with the so called Hindu
> >>> >>settlers of Assam from the west. It is more likely it happened with
> >>> > >the domination of Assam by the Ahoms, who for the first time in a
> >>> >>long time brought the people of the region under one rule through
> >>> >>political acumen.
> >>> >>
> >>> >>I have in my possession books written/compiled by British officers
> >>> >>where the word Assam is used. But I wouldn't use these books nor a
> >>> >>book written in another European language (Dutch) to prove that
> >>> >>Assam is an indigenous word. There needs to be more research done by
> >>> >>Xahitya Xobha, digging into the Buranjis of the Ahoms and whatever
> >>> >>remains of the Ahom language.
> >>> >>
> >>> >>I am told by my Ahom friends that many Buranjis were burnt during
> >>> >>the waning years of Ahom rule. I am also told many Buranjis are
> >>> >>still available in the Ahom villages kept as family heirloom. Does
> >>> >>anyone know how to read and decipher these tomes?
> >>> >>Isn't there a scholar in all of Assam who could trace through the
> >>> >>transformation of Ahom language from 1228 to the British days
> >>> >>to see if the name Oxom was coined by the Ahoms to describe their
> >>> kingdom?
> >>> >>
> >>> >>When I am on a roll, let me also ask how the Shans from Burma
> >>> >>renamed themselves as Ahoms and when it happened.
> >>> >>If all of this is known to some netter, please publish it, so that
> >>> > >some of us not exposed to recent findings in Assam can learn and
> >>> >>stop arguing over a name.
> >>> >>
> >>> >>Dilip Deka
> >>> >>
> >>> >>
> >>> >>
> >>> >>
> >>> >>
> >>> >>________________________________
> >>> >>From: kamal deka <<mailto:kjit.deka at gmail.com>kjit.deka at gmail.com>
> >>> >>To: <mailto:adhazarika at yahoo.com>adhazarika at yahoo.com; A Mailing
> list
> >>> for people interested in
> >>> >>Assam from around the world <<mailto:assam at assamnet.org>
> >>> assam at assamnet.org>
> >>> >>Sent: Sunday, March 8, 2009 10:23:39 AM
> >>> >>Subject: Re: [Assam] About the Name Assam
> >>> >>
> >>> >>In my humble view,the very word " Assam" is an Anglicised one.As an
> >>> >>adjective," Assamese " pertains to the characteristic of the people
> of
> >>> >>Assam and their culture..As a noun,it means the native of Assam or
> the
> >>> >>language of Assam.
> >>> >>In view of the above fact.Assam Sahitya Sabha may not be in error.
> >>> >>Kamal
> >>> >>
> >>> >>On Thu, Mar 5, 2009 at 9:47 PM, Ajoy Hazarika <<mailto:
> >>> adhazarika at yahoo.com>adhazarika at yahoo.com> wrote:
> >>> >>
> >>> >>> Dear Oxom Xahityo Xobha:
> >>> >>>
> >>> >>>
> >>> >>> I agree with Chandan Mahanta. If you do not know anything about
> it,
> >>> >>> an article written by H. Borgohain. I could not find the article,
> >>> >>> otherwise I could have forwarded to you.
> >>> >>>
> >>> >>> Hi Chandan, Rajen, if you have that article please forward that to
> .
> >>> Oxom
> >>> >>> Xahityo Xobha
> >>> >>> Oxom Xahityo Xobha. It will also help if Oxom Xahityo Xobha study
> >>> >>> the Bodo language. There are other historical facts. Chandan and
> >>> Rajen
> >>> >>> can help.
> >>> >>>
> >>> >>> A. D. Hazarika
> >>> >>>
> >>> >>>
> >>> >>>
> >>> >>>
> >>> >>> --- On Mon, 3/2/09, Chan Mahanta <<mailto:cmahanta at charter.net>
> >>> cmahanta at charter.net> wrote:
> >>> >>> From: Chan Mahanta <<mailto:cmahanta at charter.net>
> >>> cmahanta at charter.net>
> >>> >>> Subject: [Assam] About the Name Assam
> >>> >>> To: <mailto:info at axomxahityaxobha.org>info at axomxahityaxobha.org
> >>> >>> Cc: <mailto:assam at assamnet.org>assam at assamnet.org
> >>> >>> Date: Monday, March 2, 2009, 9:05 PM
> >>> >>>
> >>> >>> Dear Oxom Xahityo Xobha:
> >>> >>>
> >>> >>>
> >>> >>> >In 1917 the Asom Sahitya Sabha was formed as a
> >>> >>> >guardian of the Assamese society and the forum for the
> >>> >> > >development of Assamese language and literature.
> >>> >>> >The word Assamese is an English one, built on the same
> >>>
> >> > >>> >principle as Cingalese, Canarese, etc. It is based on the
> >>
> >>> >>> >English word Assam by which the tract consisting of the
> >>> >>> >Brahmaputra valley is known.
> >>> >>>
> >>> >>>
> >>> >>> *** It is pretty sad that you don't know the origins of the name
> >>> >>> Assam, that you claim is an English name.
> >>> >>>
> >>> >>> It is such display of ignorance of our history and an absence of
> >>> >>> intellectual curiosity to know what it truly is, that makes the
> >>> likes
> >>> >>> of Oxom Xahityo Xobha irrelevant to our cultural heritage
> >>> >>>
> >>> >>> Sondon Mohonto
> >>> >>>
> >>> >>> USA
> >>> >>> _______________________________________________
> >>> >>> assam mailing list
> >>> >>> <mailto:assam at assamnet.org>assam at assamnet.org
> >>> >>> <http://assamnet.org/mailman/listinfo/assam_assamnet.org>
> >>> http://assamnet.org/mailman/listinfo/assam_assamnet.org
> >>> >>>
> >>> >>>
> >>> >>>
> >>> >>>
> >>> >>> _______________________________________________
> >>> >>> assam mailing list
> >>> >>> <mailto:assam at assamnet.org>assam at assamnet.org
> >>> >>> <http://assamnet.org/mailman/listinfo/assam_assamnet.org>
> >>> http://assamnet.org/mailman/listinfo/assam_assamnet.org
> >>> >>>
> >>> >>_______________________________________________
> >>> >>assam mailing list
> >>> >><mailto:assam at assamnet.org>assam at assamnet.org
> >>> >><http://assamnet.org/mailman/listinfo/assam_assamnet..org>
> >>> http://assamnet.org/mailman/listinfo/assam_assamnet..org
> >>> >>_______________________________________________
> >>> >>assam mailing list
> >>> >><mailto:assam at assamnet.org>assam at assamnet.org
> >>> >><http://assamnet.org/mailman/listinfo/assam_assamnet.org>
> >>> http://assamnet.org/mailman/listinfo/assam_assamnet.org
> >>> >
> >>> >
> >>> >_______________________________________________
> >>> >assam mailing list
> >>> ><mailto:assam at assamnet.org>assam at assamnet.org
> >>> ><http://assamnet.org/mailman/listinfo/assam_assamnet.org>
> >>> http://assamnet.org/mailman/listinfo/assam_assamnet.org
> >>> >_______________________________________________
> >>> >assam mailing list
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> >> Rajen Barua, Houston
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> >> __._,_.___
> >> <
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> http://groups.yahoo.com/group/AssamSociety/message/1940;_ylc=X3oDMTM1Z3ZrZnNvBF9TAzk3MzU5NzE0BGdycElkAzEyNjA5NDk4BGdycHNwSWQDMTcwNTA5ODEwNwRtc2dJZAMxOTQwBHNlYwNmdHIEc2xrA3Z0cGMEc3RpbWUDMTIzNjg2MjI0MwR0cGNJZAMxOTQw
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> http://groups.yahoo.com/group/AssamSociety/links;_ylc=X3oDMTJncjczMnJpBF9TAzk3MzU5NzE0BGdycElkAzEyNjA5NDk4BGdycHNwSWQDMTcwNTA5ODEwNwRzZWMDZnRyBHNsawNsaW5rcwRzdGltZQMxMjM2ODYyMjQz
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